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导语：历经一年多的波折，中美科技合作终于迎来重要时刻。12月13日，中美双方正式签署协议，将具有里程碑意义的《中美科技合作协定》（STA）延期五年。此次续签不仅是对中美45年来科技合作成果的肯定，更展现了双方在复杂的地缘政治局势下，仍将政治与科技合作区分对待的合作意愿。
01 历经波折，续签尘埃落定
自1979年邓小平和卡特总统签署以来，《中美科技合作协定》一直是两国科技交流的基石，协定约定每五年续签一次。然而，原定于2023年底进行的续签却一波三折，直到今年12月才最终完成。美方发言人强调，修订后的《中美科技合作协定》能够“最大限度地减少对美国国家安全的风险”：协定约定的合作范围更窄，仅涵盖两国的政府部门和机构之间在基础科学项目上的合作，不包括人工智能和半导体等可能对国家安全具有重要意义的“关键和新兴技术”的工作。与上一版协定不同，本次协定不包括有关中美大学和私营公司之间合作的任何信息。
在续签过程中，全球科学界表达了强烈的支持声音。2024年2月29日，《自然》杂志发表社论，明确指出"终止中美科学协定将是危险的愚蠢之举"。这种观点得到了众多科学家的响应，体现了国际学术界对中美科技合作重要性的普遍认同。面对美国国内部分政客以“国家安全”为由的阻挠，中方始终保持积极沟通，最终促成此次协议续签的达成。此次续签不仅体现了双方维护既有合作成果的共识，更彰显了中方推动中美关系稳定发展的诚意和努力。02 聚焦基础研究
新签署的协议延续了支持开放科学、鼓励科技交流的宗旨，为两国在农业、能源、空间、卫生、环境、地球科学、工程等重要领域的合作夯实了基础。但协议范围有所调整，仅聚焦基础科研领域，并且与过去一样，美国机构与中国机构之间拟开展的任何合作提议都必须事先得到白宫的批准，确保不会构成国家安全问题。此次续签包括承诺中美共享数据并保持公开透明的条款，还设置了争端解决机制，即两国任何一方都可以通过该机制解决项目中遇到的困难。如果任何一方不履行其承诺，终止条款允许两国终止协议。03 STA的未来：机遇与挑战并存
自1979年签署以来，《中美科技合作协定》已经促成约30项机构间协定，推动40多项分协定和附件的签署，覆盖农业、能源、环境保护等多个领域，是中美关系正常化后第一个政府间合作协定。一位中国科学院科技政策专家提到：“我很高兴看到这项协议的续签。”他希望这项协议能够实现其预期目标：促进两国在基础研究方面的合作。华盛顿特区外交政策智库昆西负责任国家研究所的非驻地研究员丹尼斯·西蒙认为，新签署的协议提供了“明确的护栏和谈判解决争端的途径”。一位澳大利亚悉尼科技大学专注于中国问题的创新研究员甚至表示，该协议“体现了一种在地缘政治竞争中维持科学合作的务实（尽管有限制）方法”。特朗普政府上台可能对协议的执行和维护带来不确定性，此外，在基础研究领域的界定和具体合作项目的落实需要进一步明确；对于过往履行中的问题，是否能够通过定期磋商方式增进互信、减少误解。
附中文和英文版：
《中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府科学技术合作协定》中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府（以下称缔约双方），根据《中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国关于建立外交关系的联合公报》的精神，认为科学技术领域的合作能够促进两国的福利和繁荣；确认这种合作能够加强两国的友好关系；希望两国科学技术单位和人员之间建立更密切和更正常的合作，达成协议如下：一、缔约双方根据本协定在平等、互利和互惠的基础上发展合作。二、本协定的主要目的是为在共同感兴趣的科学技术领域进行合作提供广泛的机会，从而促进科学技术的进步，有益于两国和人类。根据本协定可在农业、能源、空间、卫生、环境、地学、工程和双方同意的其他科学技术和科技管理，以及教育和学术交流方面进行合作。
四、共同研究、发展和试验，以及合作单位之间交换研究成果和交流经验；按照本协定的目的，缔约双方应在适当范围内，对两国的政府部门、大学、组织、机构及其他单位间发展往来和合作，以及对这些团体进行合作活动签订协议予以鼓励和提供方便。双方将进一步促进与这种合作一致的、适当的、互利的双边经济活动。执行本协定的具体协议可包括合作的题目、应遵循的程序、知识产权的处理、经费以及其他适当的事项。关于经费，应按一致同意的办法负担费用。根据本协定进行的一切合作活动，将取决于所能获得的经费。
根据本协定进行的合作活动应服从于各自国家的法律和规定。
缔约双方将尽最大的努力就本协定的合作活动给另一方的人员和设备迅速入、出境的便利，并提供进入有关地理区域、研究机构和取得资料和材料的方便。
除根据第五条在执行协议中同意另作处理外，由本协定合作活动所产生的科学技术情报可按通常的途径，根据参加单位的正常程序提供世界科学界使用。
经双方一致同意；可邀请第三国或国际组织的科学家、技术专家和单位参加根据本协定所进行的计划和项目。
一、缔约双方建立一个中、美科学技术合作联合委员会，并由中、美双方组成。缔约双方各指定委员会的一位主席和若干委员。委员会将为自己的活动通过一些程序，通常每年召开一次会议，轮流在中国和美国召开。
二、委员会规划和协调科学技术合作，并检查和协助这种合作。委员会还要考虑在具体领域内进一步发展合作活动的建议，向双方推荐计划和措施。
三、委员会为执行其职能，必要时可设立临时的或常设的联合小组委员会或工作小组。
四、在委员会休会期间，经双方同意可对已经批准的合作活动作补充和修改。
五、缔约双方各自指定一个执行机构，以协助联合委员会。中国方面的执行机构是国家科学技术委员会，美国方面的执行机构是科学技术政策办公室。执行机构应紧密合作，以促进各项计划和活动的正常执行。缔约双方的执行机构负责协调各自一方的这些计划和活动的执行。
一、本协定自签字之时起生效，有效期为五年。经双方一致同意，本协定可予以修改和延长。
二、本协定的终止并不影响根据本协定制定的任何正在执行的协议的效力或有效期。
本协定于一九七九年一月三十一日在华盛顿签订，一式两份，每份都用中文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYThe Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Contracting Parties);Acting in the spirit of the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China;Recognizing that cooperation in the fields of science and technology can promote the well-being and prosperity of both countries;Affirming that such cooperation can strengthen friendly relations between both countries;Wishing to establish closer and more regular cooperation between scientific and technical entities and personnel in both countries;1. The Contracting Parties shall develop cooperation under this Agreement on the basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual benefit.2. The principal objective of this Agreement is to provide broad opportunities for cooperation in scientific and technological fields of mutual interest, thereby promoting the progress of science and technology for the benefit of both countries and of mankind.Cooperation under this Agreement may be undertaken in the fields of agriculture, energy, space, health, environment, earth sciences, engineering, and such other areas of science and technology and their management as may be mutually agreed, as well as educational and scholarly exchange.Cooperation under this Agreement may include:a. Exchange of scientists, scholars, specialists and students;b. Exchange of scientific, scholarly, and technological information and documentation;c. Joint planning and implementation of programs and projects;d. Joint research, development and testing, and exchange of research results and experience between cooperating entities;e. Organization of joint courses, conferences and symposia;f. Other forms of scientific and technological cooperation as may be mutually agreed.Pursuant to the objectives of this Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall encourage and facilitate, as appropriate, the development of contacts and cooperation between government agencies, universities, organizations, institutions, and other entities of both countries, and the conclusion of accords between such bodies for the conduct of cooperative activities. Both sides will further promote, consistent with such cooperation and where appropriate, mutually beneficial bilateral economic activities.Specific accords implementing this Agreement may cover the subjects of cooperation, procedures to be followed, treatment of intellectual property, funding and other appropriate matters. With respect to funding, costs shall be borne as mutually agreed. All cooperative activities under this Agreement shall be subject to the availability of funds.Cooperative activities under this Agreement shall be subject to the laws and regulations in each country.Each Contracting Party shall, with respect to cooperative activities under this Agreement, use its best efforts to facilitate prompt entry into and exit from its territory of equipment and personnel of the other side, and also to provide access to relevant geographic areas, institutions, data and materials.Scientific and technological information derived from cooperative activities under this Agreement may be made available, unless otherwise agreed in an implementing accord under Article 5, to the world scientific community through customary channels and in accordance with the normal procedures of the participating entities.Scientists, technical experts, and entities of third countries or international organizations may be invited, upon mutual consent of both sides, to participate in projects and programs being carried out under this Agreement.1. The Contracting Parties shall establish a US-PRC Joint Commission on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, which shall consist of United States and Chinese parts. Each Contracting Party shall designate a co-chairman and its members of the Commission. The Commission shall adopt procedures for its operation, and shall ordinarily meet once a year in the United States and the People's Republic of China alternately.2. The Joint Commission shall plan and coordinate cooperation in science and technology, and monitor and facilitate such cooperation. The Commission shall also consider proposals for the further development of cooperative activities in specific areas and recommend measures and programs to both sides.3. To carry out its functions, the Commission may when necessary create temporary or permanent joint subcommittees or working groups.4. During the period between meetings of the Commission, additions or amendments may be made to already approved cooperative activities, as may be mutually agreed.5. To assist the Joint Commission, each Contracting Party shall designate an Executive Agent. The Executive Agent on the United States side shall be the Office of Science and Technology Policy; and on the side of the People's Republic of China, the State Scientific and Technological Commission. The Executive Agents shall collaborate closely to promote proper implementation of all activities and programs. The Executive Agent of each Contracting Party shall be responsible for coordinating the implementation of its side of such activities and programs.1. This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature and shall remain in force for five years. It may be modified or extended by mutual agreement of the Parties.2. The termination of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or duration of any implementing accords made under it.DONE at Washington this 31st day of January, 1979, in duplicate in the English and Chinese languages, both equally authentic.For the Government of the United States of America:For the Government of the People's Republic of China:来源：美国国务院新闻稿：https://www.state.gov/amendment-and-extension-of-the-u-s-prc-science-and-technology-agreement-sta/
中美续签两国政府科学技术合作协定：https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202412/content_6992558.htm中美科技合作协定终获续签，但这些关键技术被排除其外：https://news.ifeng.com/c/8fIo0RCdScLAgreement Between the United States and China on Cooperation in Science and Technology：https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/agreement-between-the-united-states-and-china-cooperation-science-and-technology联系我们：走出去法律智库 kouxuanteam@sundiallawfirm.com
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