考研英语作文热点预测 | AI与人是共存还是竞争

AI与人是共存还是竞争

01

近年来，人工智能（AI）飞速发展，但这把双刃剑一直都引发广泛讨论。而且，去年ChatGPT的问世也颠覆了人们的工作和生活。人工智能会取代人类吗？人工智能与人是共存还是竞争呢？我们不仅要关注AI或者科技本身，也要关注AI与就业，AI与医疗、AI与教育、AI与政府、AI与译者、AI与人文、AI与数字鸿沟等相关话题。 

来看看近年几个高校出过的作文题目，感受一下：

• 2024福建师范大学：How does artificial intelligence reshape the world? 通过引入ChatGPT为背景，人工智能将如何重塑世界？

• 2023北京林业大学：人工智能是否便利了人类的生活？有人反对，有人支持，请谈谈你的观点。

• 2023电子科技大学：I think the robot in the next five years should be…

• 2023厦门大学：人越来越依赖靠科技解决问题，人类独立思考的能力一定会退化，对此你的观点是什么？

• 2022厦门大学：With the development of artificial intelligence, people are believed to be replaced by machines someday in the future. What do you think about it? Write an essay no less than 400 words. 随着人工智能的发展，人们相信在未来的某一天，人类会被机器所取代。你对此的看法是什么？

• 2023西安外国语大学：In the future, as machines replace the tasks at home and work, people have more and more leisure time. Discuss the benefits that machines replace people’s work and the problems they cause. Write an essay no less than 400 words. 讨论机器取代人类工作的好处以及由此带来的问题。

• 2018广东外语外贸大学：Some say that machine translation will replace pure human work, while others say that will never happen because they think though it may be applied in a science text, it will never be used in literature text. We need human work in literature translation. What’s your opinion? Write an essay of no less than 400 words with an elaborate title. 机器翻译是否将取代纯粹的人类工作？

02

针对这种有矛盾点的话题，有可能考的方向就是AI是否可以在某方面代替人类，谈谈你的看法。或者给出一个背景，如AI改变人们的工作方式、教学方式、带来什么好处或问题，要求考生进行分析。总之，遇到矛盾点的话题要体现我们的critical thinking，提出正确的观点并进行正反论证。

03

观点：

• 拥抱新鲜事物，同时表达疑虑；

• AI可以帮助人类，但不可以取代人类；

• AI虽无感，人性不可缺。

好处：

• 利用AI为工作、生活助力，提高工作效率，降低成本；如Siri、机械臂、智能导游等；

• 人工智能在医疗领域的潜力，如辅助诊断、精准医疗等；

• 人工智能在教育中的应用，如个性化学习、智能辅导等；

• 人工智能在政府管理中的可能影响，如智慧城市、数据驱动的政策决策等；

• 人工智能在翻译服务中的发展，如机器翻译的优势；

• 催生新的行业，促进行业变革；

• 促进工作者寻求进步。

坏处：

• 人工智能在就业市场中的应用导致集体失业；

• 人工智能与数字鸿沟之间的关系，如技术普及、数据隐私；

• 人们减少思考，能力下降；学生依赖ChatGPT等智能机器人写作业和论文；

• 若文化艺术作品交由机器处理，那么文化将会陷入绝境。

方法：

• 加强人工智能相关领域的教育和培训，使人们具备适应技术变革的能力；

• 致力于减少数字鸿沟，确保人工智能技术的普及和可访问性。为弱势群体提供培训和支持，以确保他们能够利用人工智能技术的机会；

• 对于人工智能给人类带来的种种可能的威胁，我们要在为时已晚之前进行监管；建立智能监管机制，确保人工智能的发展和应用符合伦理原则和法律法规；

• 加强科普教育，提高公众对人工智能的理解和认知；

• 机遇与挑战中要敢于创新；人机协作的方式创造新内容；鼓励个人和企业适应技术变革，寻找新的就业机会和市场需求。

04

人工智能：artificial intelligence (AI)

人工智能的快速发展：rapid advancements in AI

智能机器人：intelligent robot

有争议的话题：a controversial topic

共存或竞争：coexistence or competition

局限性和挑战：limitations and challenges

颠覆性影响：disruptive impact on…

潜在影响：potential implications

带来灾难：turn out to be fatal

带来决定性的技术突破：spark agenda-setting technology breakthroughs

适应快速变化的世界：adapt in a rapidly changing world

取代人类：replace us flesh-and-bone types

技术进步：technological advancements

现代技术：modern technology

深度学习：deep learning

机器学习：machine learning

算法：algorithm

自动的：autonomous

数字化培训：digital training

富有效率：productive

富有价值：rewarding

提高效率：improve productivity

降低风险：reduce risk

节约成本：provide a low-cost way

灵活性，弹性：flexibility

增强人的能力：enhance humans’ existing

医疗领域：medical field; healthcare sector

诊断辅助：diagnostic assistance

精准医疗：precision medicine

AI教育：AI education

教育应用：educational applications

个性化辅导：personalized tutoring

机器翻译：machine translation

政府管理：government administration

更好服务人民：serve citizens better

智慧城市：smart cities

员工从事更具创造性、复杂度高的工作：free up employees to work on more creative and complex jobs

全力支持：full-throated support

需要明智的政策支持：That will take smart policy support.

数据驱动的政策决策：data-driven policy decisions

数字鸿沟：digital divide

数据隐私和安全：data privacy and security

隐私保护法规：privacy protection regulations

创新和创业精神：innovation and entrepreneurship

技术素养：technological literacy

技能再培训：skills retraining

解决问题的能力：problem-solving skills

做……准备不足：be ill prepared to do…

以人为本的人工智能：Human-centric AI

05

Take a look around the typical home or car today and you can see the impact of digital technology on your everyday activities. Organizations of all kinds are using new technologies to deliver game-changing products and services impacting all levels of society.

——看看当今周围典型的房子和车子，你会发现数字技术（可替换）对日常生活影响巨大。各个机构都在运用新型科技为客户提供颠覆性的产品和服务，这影响着社会的各个阶层。

（背景引入）

More recently, the invention of technologies including the printing press, the telephone, and the internet revolutionized how we store and communicate information.

——最近，印刷机、电话和互联网等技术发明（可替换）彻底改变了我们存储信息和交流信息的方式。

（背景引入）

ChatGPT is just one of many mind-blowing generative AI tools released recently, including the image generators Midjourney and DALL-E and the video generator Synthesia. The upside of these AI tools is easy to see: They’re going to produce a tremendous amount of digital content, quickly and cheaply. Businesses are using ChatGPT to create copy for their websites and promotional materials, and to respond to customer-service inquiries. Lawyers are using it to produce legal briefs and academics to produce footnotes.

——ChatGPT只是最近发布的许多令人大开眼界的生成式AI工具之一，其他还包括图像生成器Midjourney和DALL-E以及视频生成器Synthesia。这些人工智能工具的好处显而易见：它们将快速且廉价地生产海量的数字内容。企业正在使用ChatGPT为他们的网站和促销材料写文案，并回应客服咨询。律师用它来制作案情摘要，学者用它来做脚注。

（背景引入：ChatGPT等人工智能应用的流行）

As an AI language model developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT has received attention and recognition from various fields, including academia, industry, and the general public. In China, ChatGPT has also been widely discussed and evaluated. On the one hand, many people recognize the powerful language processing capabilities of ChatGPT and its potential applications in various fields, such as natural language processing, dialogue systems, and machine translation. Some experts and scholars have even used ChatGPT to conduct research and experiments in their respective fields. On the other hand, there are also concerns and discussions about the potential risks and challenges posed by ChatGPT and other AI language models, such as data bias, privacy protection, and ethical issues. Some experts and scholars have called for more attention and regulation on the development and application of ChatGPT to prevent potential negative impacts on society.

——作为由OpenAI开发的AI语言模型，ChatGPT已经受到了包括学术界、工业界和普通公众在内的各个领域的关注和认可。在中国，ChatGPT也得到了广泛的讨论和评价。一方面，许多人认识到ChatGPT的强大的语言处理能力以及在各个领域，如自然语言处理、对话系统和机器翻译等方面的潜在应用。一些专家学者甚至已经在自己的研究领域中使用ChatGPT进行研究和实验。另一方面，也存在着有关ChatGPT和其他AI语言模型（可替换）可能带来的潜在风险和挑战的担忧和讨论，如数据偏见、隐私保护和伦理问题等。一些专家学者呼吁更多的关注和监管ChatGPT的发展和应用，以防止对社会可能造成的负面影响。

（背景引入+矛盾点：ChatGPT等人工智能应用的流行和争议）

No single technology in modern memory has caused mass job loss among highly educated workers. Will generative AI really be an exception? No one can answer this question, given how new the technology is and given how slowly employment can adjust in response to technological change. But AI really is different. A range of tasks that up until now were impossible to automate are becoming automatable. ChatGPT and the like promises to destabilize a lot of white-collar work, regardless of whether they eliminate jobs or not.

——现代历史上，没有一项技术曾导致受过高等教育的工人大规模失业。生成式AI真的会是个例外吗？考虑到这项技术太过新颖而就业适应技术变化的速度又太过缓慢，没有人能回答这个问题。但人工智能确实很不一样。一系列迄今为止不可能自动化的任务正在变得自动化。不管ChatGPT之类的服务是否会减少工作岗位，它们都很有可能威胁许多白领的工作。

（提出问题：ChatGPT是否会导致失业？）

If an AI assistant can allow one worker to achieve 10 times the productivity, then we will need less workers, and there will be severe unemployment.

——如果人工智能助理可以让一名工人产生10倍的生产力，我们所需工人就会减少，这会导致失业情况加剧。

（弊：AI导致失业）

The fact that AI might reduce our ability to work together is extremely concerning.

——人工智能可能会降低人类的合作能力，这非常令人担忧。

（弊：AI降低人类合作能力）

We shouldn’t feel threatened by this: we should feel exhilarated at the new things we can do with their help, just as the digital tools we use today have enhanced and diversified the ways in which we communicate and create. 

——但是我们没必要就此感到备受威胁，我们应该对人工智能将对我们有所帮助而感到高兴，就像如今的数码设备增强和丰富了我们的交流和创造的方式。

（转折句：应关注AI给人类的帮助）

The overall effect of mechanisation turned out to be job creation on an unprecedented scale. Machines allowed individual workers to produce more, reducing the price of many goods, increasing demand and generating a need for more workers. Entirely new jobs were created to oversee the machines. As companies got bigger, they required managers, accountants and other support staff. And whole new and hitherto unimagined industries sprang up with the arrival of the railways, telegraphy and electrification.

——机械化的总体结果实际上是创造了史无前例的大量就业机会。机器让工人产量提高，降低商品价格，从而提升了需求，所需工人量也上涨了。为监督机器工作，全新的岗位诞生。随着企业规模变大，需要更多管理者、会计和其他支持人员。随着铁路、电报和电气化的出现，迄今为止无法想象的全新工业如雨后春笋般涌现。

（利：AI创造就业机会）

“In many ways, AI will help people use expertise better,” the MIT professor David Autor, one of the world’s foremost experts on employment and technological change, said. “It means that we’ll specialize more.”

——麻省理工学院教授大卫·奥托是世界上最著名的就业和技术变革方面的专家之一，他说：“在许多方面，人工智能将帮助人们更好地利用专业知识，这意味着我们将更加专业化。”

（利：AI让人类专业化）

The right approach to such technologies is to see them not as substitutes for human labour, but as a way of improving its quality and productivity.

——对待此类技术的正确方法是不把它们视为人类劳动的替代品，而是将其视为提高人类劳动质量和生产率的一种方式。

（方法：让AI帮助人类提高劳动质量和生产率）

These may be common concerns about artificial intelligence, but education is particularly sensitive — especially the ownership and control of any data generated through the platforms. Schools, too, will need to prevent teachers, who already have plenty of responsibilities, from also having to keep up to date with thousands of applications. Artificial intelligence belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the human kind.

——这些可能是关于人工智能的普遍担忧，但教育领域（可替换）尤其敏感——尤其是通过平台生成的任何数据的所有权和控制权。学校还需要避免让任务繁重的老师们不得不跟上数千款应用软件。人工智能只有在帮助人类提高能力的时候才属于课堂（可替换）。

（AI与教育）

ChatGPT provides quick access to a vast amount of information on various topics, allowing students to gather ideas, facts, and explanations. However, depending too heavily on ChatGPT may hinder students from developing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as they may become overly dependent on the model for answers.

——ChatGPT让人可以快速访问各种主题的大量信息，学生可以收集想法、事实和解释。不过，过于依赖ChatGPT可能会阻碍学生发展批判性思维和解决问题的能力，因为他们可能会变得过于依赖模型的答案。

（AI与学生学习）

While AI is being rapidly applied for commercial use, it's also being adopted by government agencies, making them more efficient and effective in their missions. 

——虽然人工智能正在迅速应用于商业用途，但它也被政府机构（可替换）采用，使他们在执行任务时更加高效。

（AI与政府）

AI consistently outperforms humans at driving cars, diagnosing cancer, and predicting crops yields. But when it comes to translation, the most sophisticated technology on earth is still by far the human brains. 

——在驾驶汽车、诊断癌症和预测农作物产量方面，人工智能的表现一直优于人类。但说到翻译（可替换），地球上最复杂的技术仍然是人类的大脑。

（AI与翻译）

AI technologies offer valuable resources and tools for translators. Machine translation, translation memory systems, terminology management, quality assurance, and collaborative platforms all contribute to enhancing translation work. By leveraging these AI capabilities, translators can improve efficiency, accuracy, and consistency, ultimately delivering higher quality translations. It is important, however, for translators to maintain their expertise and critical thinking skills while utilizing AI as a supportive tool in their work.

——人工智能技术为翻译人员提供了宝贵的资源和工具。机器翻译、翻译记忆系统、术语管理、质量保证和协作平台都有助于提高翻译工作。通过利用这些人工智能功能，翻译人员可以提高效率、准确性和一致性，最终提供更高质量的翻译。然而，对于翻译人员来说，保持他们的专业知识和批判性思维技能，同时利用人工智能作为他们工作中的辅助工具是很重要的。

（AI与翻译）

I’ m certain that the act of creative and literary translation will live on in one shape or another. For many there is a deep-seated desire to translate and I also believe there is an audience that desires human-translated content.

——我确信创造性和文学翻译行为会以某种形式继续存在。很多人都拥有根植心底的翻译欲望，我也相信会有一群人喜欢看人类翻译的内容。

（AI与翻译）

Health care of the future could morph as well. Intelligent bots could be integrated into the home through digital assistants or smartphones in order to triage symptoms, educate and counsel patients, and ensure they’re adhering to medication regimens.

——未来的医疗保健也会改变。智能机器人可以通过数字技术或智能手机，和家连成一个整体，从而对疾病分类，并对病人提供咨询和教育服务，确保他们坚持药物治疗方案。

（AI与医疗）

Although, the debate on AI is often centered around the question of whether it will replace humans or not, I believe that the focus should instead be on how humans and AI can cooperate in order to benefit each other. With appropriate safeguards and regulations in place, AI can help us to become more productive and efficient, and contribute to a better future.

——尽管有关人工智能的争论往往围绕着它是否会取代人类这一问题展开，但我认为我们应该将重点放在人类和人工智能如何能够互利合作上。在适当的安全措施和法规到位的情况下，人工智能可以帮助我们变得更加高效和有效，并为一个更美好的未来做出贡献。

（可用于转折段或总结段）

To conclude, when used responsibly, AI can have positive effects on society and the economy, such as increased productivity and improved decision-making. As such, we should cautiously embrace it, since the potential benefits far outweigh the risks.

——综上所述，在负责任地使用的情况下，人工智能可以对社会和经济产生积极的影响，例如提高生产力和改善决策。因此，我们应该谨慎地拥抱它，因为其潜在的好处远大于风险。

（总结段）

06

In recent years, the emergence of generative AI has significantly affected various professions, including translation. A survey by the Society of Authors revealed that many translators have experienced job losses and decreased income due to AI technologies. While some argue that AI can enhance productivity and efficiency, others express concerns about its implications for quality and creativity in translation. What’s your opinion? Write an essay of no less than 400 words with an elaborate title.

（注：为避免限制思路，模拟题不提供范文，请灵活运用所学内容进行写作。）