Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 2024年 11月刊 目录与摘要
刊发卷期：Volume 128
刊发时间：November 2024
期刊等级：ABS 3
出版厂商：Elsevier
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目录
Regular papers
1.Correcting misperceptions about trends and norms to address weak collective action — Experimental evidence from a recycling program
Hanna Fuhrmann-Riebel, Ben D’Exelle, Kristian López Vargas, Sebastian Tonke, Arjan Verschoor
2.Paying income tax after a natural disaster
Merve Kucuk, Mehmet Ulubasoglu
3.Rainwater shocks and economic growth: The role of the water cycle partition
François Bareille, Raja Chakir, Charles Regnacq
4.Do green parties affect local waste management policies?
Augusto Cerqua, Nadia Fiorino, Emma Galli
5.Cross-dynastic intergenerational altruism
Frikk Nesje
7.The cost-efficiency carbon pricing puzzle
Christian Gollier
8.Do time-of-use prices deliver energy savings at the right time?
Zheng Fu, Kevin Novan, Aaron Smith
9.The more the better? Synergies of prosocial interventions and effects on behavioural spillovers
Marius Alt, Hendrik Bruns, Nives Della Valle
10.Transmission of flood damage to the real economy and financial intermediation: Simulation analysis using a DSGE model
Ryuichiro Hashimoto, Nao Sudo
11.Resource dependence, recycling, and trade
Peter H. Egger, Christian Keuschnigg
12.Turn off the faucet: Can individual meters reduce water consumption?
Paul E. Carrillo, Ivette Contreras, Carlos Scartascini
13.Labor market impacts of eco-development initiatives in protected areas
Anca Balietti, Sreeja Jaiswal, Daniel Schäffer
14.Clean innovation, heterogeneous financing costs, and the optimal climate policy mix
Emanuele Campiglio, Alessandro Spiganti, Anthony Wiskich
15.Blowin’ in the wind: Long-term downwind exposure to air pollution from power plants and adult mortality
Shinsuke Tanaka
16.Unintended environmental consequences of anti-corruption strategies
Elías Cisneros, Krisztina Kis-Katos
Notes and short papers
17.Barrett's paradox of cooperation: A full analytical proof 30 years after
Michael Finus, Francesco Furini, Anna Viktoria Rohrer
18.Equity weighting increases valuations when using real-world data
Austin Burlile, Peter Maniloff
19.The effect of extreme temperatures on evictions
Dylan Brewer, Sarah Goldgar
20.Focusing the view: Improved methods for assessing viewshed impacts of onshore wind turbines
Luran Dong, Corey Lang, Jason Parent
21.Too hot to sleep
Patrick Bigler, Benedikt Janzen
Special Section on SURED 2022 - Economic Dynamics and Environmental Policy
22.Carbon market design and market sentiment
Grischa Perino
Special Section on 2nd JEEM Conference in Environmental and Resource Economics
23.Combining private and common property management: The impact of a hybrid ownership structure on grassland conservation
Min Liu, Pengfei Liu, Kaixing Huang
24.Information, incentives, and environmental governance: Evidence from China’s ambient air quality standards
Pei Li, Yi Lu, Lu Peng, Jin Wang
摘要
Regular papers
1.Correcting misperceptions about trends and norms to address weak collective action — Experimental evidence from a recycling program
Hanna Fuhrmann-Riebel, Ben D’Exelle, Kristian López Vargas, Sebastian Tonke, Arjan Verschoor
Finding ways to encourage collective action in contexts where only a minority adopts the desired behavior is central to solving many of today’s global environmental problems. We study how correcting people’s beliefs about social norms and behavioral trends encourages collective action in a setting where the desired behavior is not yet prevalent. In a field experiment, we test whether low sign-up rates for a recycling program in urban Peru can be increased by providing information (1) that most people regard participation in the program as important, i.e., on the “injunctive norm”, (2) on an increasing recent trend in sign-up rates. We find that the effectiveness of the treatments depends on people’s prior beliefs: Correcting inaccurate beliefs increases sign-up decisions significantly among people who either substantially underestimate the injunctive norm or who underestimate the positive trend. As this sub-group of people is in the minority in our set-up, we do not observe statistically significant average treatment effects. We further find that the effects of the treatments increase in the level of underestimation. Our evidence demonstrates that belief updating can be used effectively to encourage collective action where it is weak as long as a meaningful number of people underestimates the relevant trends and norms.
2.Paying income tax after a natural disaster
Merve Kucuk, Mehmet Ulubasoglu
We investigate the effects of a climatic shock on individuals’ tax deduction and tax payable patterns, alongside their income dynamics. Using individual-level annual tax return data and exploiting the 2010–2011 Queensland Floods in Australia as a natural experiment, we find that the floods affect different income groups differently. They also lead to persistent higher tax deductions for high-income taxpayers. For the population at large, we detect spikes in certain tax deduction items that lasted longer than the income shock. Overall, our findings uncover discernible changes in tax deduction patterns following floods.
3.Rainwater shocks and economic growth: The role of the water cycle partition
François Bareille, Raja Chakir, Charles Regnacq
This paper improves our understanding of how rainwater impacts economic growth by investigating the effects of overlooked properties of the water cycle. First, we consider the natural separation of rainwater into flows of blue water (i.e., the water that runs off towards rivers) and green water (i.e., that remaining in the soil). Second, we account for the presence of surface and groundwater stocks. These considerations allow us to comprehensively address the whole partition of rainwater, which, upon reaching the ground, splits into distinct water resources that determine water availability inland. Our analyses on a global panel coupling sub-national economic and hydrological data show that rainwater does increase growth, but do so differently depending on its partition. Specifically, blue water leads to more economic growth than green water at the margin, but, because two thirds of terrestrial water is green, the latter contributes more to growth in total. By missing this crucial partition, we find that commonly used rainwater measurements overstate rainwater’s contribution to growth (by about two). Our analyses further indicate that, although groundwater reserves always mitigate the impacts of rainwater reduction on growth, surface water reserves sometimes amplify regional dependence to rainwater (depending on sector, income and reserve types).
4.Do green parties affect local waste management policies?
Augusto Cerqua, Nadia Fiorino, Emma Galli
We explore whether mayors supported by pro-environmental parties enhance local environmental outcomes compared to their non-environmental counterparts. We study close elections within a regression discontinuity design and find a notable rise in recycling rates in Italian municipalities governed by pro-environmental coalitions. This uptick becomes far less pronounced when adopting broader criteria to define green mayoral candidates. Crucially, the enhanced recycling rates are not realized through augmented budgets for environmental initiatives or waste collection, but rather are primarily attributed to the implementation of local policies, such as on-call waste collection and the establishment of waste collection centers.
5.Cross-dynastic intergenerational altruism
Frikk Nesje
Does saving behavior reveal socially relevant intertemporal preferences? People concerned about the next generation as such might assign welfare weights on other dynasties. These concerns are captured in a model of saving by decomposing the present generation’s preference for the next into its dynastic and cross-dynastic components. With such preferences, saving for one’s descendants benefits present members of other dynasties if they also care cross-dynastically. These preference externalities imply that socially relevant intertemporal preferences cannot be inferred from saving behavior and that utility discount rates revealed by saving behavior should be lowered. The external effect of present saving also decreases over time, implying that intertemporal preferences inferred from saving behavior are time-inconsistent.
7.The cost-efficiency carbon pricing puzzle
Christian Gollier
Any global temperature target must be translated into an intertemporal carbon budget and its associated cost-efficient carbon price schedule. Under the Hotelling’s rule without uncertainty, the growth rate of this price should be equal to the interest rate. It is therefore a puzzle that many cost-efficiency IAM models yield carbon prices that increase at an average real growth rate above 7% per year, a very large return for traders of carbon assets. I explore whether uncertainties surrounding the development of green technologies could solve this puzzle. I show that future marginal abatement costs and aggregate consumption are positively correlated. This justifies doing less for climate change than in the safe case, implying a smaller initial carbon price, and an expected growth rate of carbon price that is larger than the interest rate. In the benchmark calibration of my model, I obtain an equilibrium interest rate around 1% and an expected growth rate of carbon price around 3.5%, yielding an optimal carbon price above 200 USD/tCO2 within the next few years. I also show that the rigid carbon budget approach to cost-efficiency carbon pricing implies a large uncertainty surrounding the future carbon prices that support this constraint. I show that green investors should be compensated for this risk by a large risk premium embedded in the growth rate of expected carbon prices, rather than by a collar on carbon prices as often recommended.
8.Do time-of-use prices deliver energy savings at the right time?
Zheng Fu, Kevin Novan, Aaron Smith
Time-of-use (TOU) electricity prices are increasingly being adopted to reduce consumption during the higher marginal cost afternoon hours. There is ample evidence that TOU rates reduce average consumption during the peak price hours of the day, but it is unknown how these energy savings are distributed across days. Using a unique dataset from households with smart thermostats, we find that adopting TOU rates causes large decreases in peak period AC usage, resulting in energy savings that are concentrated on the hottest, highest demand days when the benefits of conservation are the greatest.
9.The more the better? Synergies of prosocial interventions and effects on behavioural spillovers
Marius Alt, Hendrik Bruns, Nives Della Valle
Incentivising prosocial and pro-environmental behaviours is a sensitive endeavour. While behavioural change is urgently needed to mitigate the consequences of climate change, monetary interventions often have negative side effects. Such interventions are prone to motivation crowding, which can impede lasting positive behavioural change and stimulate negative temporal spillovers to other prosocial behaviours. In this study, we investigate whether implementing monetary interventions as part of policy mixes can mitigate these negative side effects. In an online experiment involving 3782 participants, we test whether the use of nudges that make personal and social norms salient can counteract the motivation-crowding effect and explore the effects of such policy mixes on temporal spillovers. We find that policy mixes of norm-based nudges and monetary incentives are more effective at stimulating engagement in targeted prosocial behaviour than no intervention when controlling for sample characteristics. Analysing the temporal spillover effects of these interventions reveals that policy mixes can alleviate the tendency of monetary incentives to negatively affect subsequent prosocial behaviour. This indicates that norm-based nudges are suitable complements to monetary interventions, facilitating long-lasting positive effects.
10.Transmission of flood damage to the real economy and financial intermediation: Simulation analysis using a DSGE model
Ryuichiro Hashimoto, Nao Sudo
We assess physical risk associated with floods in Japan, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. We construct a model that incorporates transmission mechanism of floods and estimate the model using the data of flood-induced damage to capital stock and public infrastructure collected by the government in the last 40 years. The result of the analysis is threefold. First, a flood that reduces the private capital stock by about 0.1% as a direct effect causes GDP to fall by about 0.1% in the first period, with a gradual recovery to pre-flood level. Second, floods dampen GDP through multiple channels. From the supply side, a decline in capital stock inputs and total factor productivity (TFP) reduce GDP. From the demand side, the balance sheets of firms and financial intermediaries are impaired, resulting in disruptions to financial intermediation and depressing GDP. Based on our estimates, all these channels are quantitatively comparable in magnitude. Third, the quantitative impacts of flood shocks on GDP up to now have been minor compared to the standard structural shocks that are considered important in existing macroeconomic studies. However, according to the estimates that use the relationship between the key variables in our model together with climate change scenarios published by the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS), the impacts of these shocks could become somewhat larger in the future.
11.Resource dependence, recycling, and trade
Peter H. Egger, Christian Keuschnigg
Recycling waste from used goods can substitute for scarce virgin materials and reduce resource dependence. We present a model of waste collection, recycling, and final goods production using virgin and recycled materials. Environmentally safe disposal of trash (non-recycled waste) requires costly processing by landfill and burning which creates externalities. Trade between resource poor and resource rich countries involves non-trivial interactions between terms of trade effects and distortions in recycling and resource extraction. We analyze welfare improving policy intervention with local trash disposal and with trade in trash.
12.Turn off the faucet: Can individual meters reduce water consumption?
Paul E. Carrillo, Ivette Contreras, Carlos Scartascini
When consumption of water and other utilities is measured collectively for many households and the payment of such services is equally shared among members of the group, individuals may use more than what is socially optimal. In this paper, we evaluate how the installation of individual meters affects water consumption. Using administrative data from the public water utility company in Quito, Ecuador, and an event study approach, it is estimated that water consumption decreases by about 20% as a result of the introduction of individual metering. The effect is large and economically significant: in order to obtain the same effect using the price mechanism in Quito, prices would have to increase by at least 66%. Individual water metering could be a useful tool to curve down consumption in both developing and developed countries.
13.Labor market impacts of eco-development initiatives in protected areas
Anca Balietti, Sreeja Jaiswal, Daniel Schäffer
Eco-development seeks to balance economic development with biodiversity conservation, enhancing the effectiveness of protected area management. This paper examines the labor market impacts of eco-development initiatives implemented in the protected areas of the Western Ghats, India, a significant biodiversity hotspot facing intense socio-economic pressures. Our findings show that eco-development has substantially altered labor market outcomes in villages within and surrounding protected areas, resulting in a higher share of non-farm employment. This shift is marked by a reduction in year-round work and an increase in seasonal employment. These effects appear to stem from the specific types of jobs created by eco-development and the changes in land use patterns it promotes, such as a higher proportion of forested land and increased reliance on rainfed agriculture over irrigated farming. Descriptive evidence also suggests that, despite improvements in literacy, the affected villages experience lower consumption levels and higher poverty rates.
14.Clean innovation, heterogeneous financing costs, and the optimal climate policy mix
Emanuele Campiglio, Alessandro Spiganti, Anthony Wiskich
Access to finance is a major barrier to clean innovation. We incorporate a financial sector in a directed technological change model, where research firms working on different technologies raise funding from financial intermediaries at potentially different costs. We show that, in addition to a rising carbon tax and a generous but short-lived clean research subsidy, optimal climate policies include a clean finance subsidy directly aimed at reducing the financing cost differential across technologies. The presence of an endogenous financing experience effect induces stronger mitigation efforts in the short-term to accelerate the convergence of heterogeneous financing costs. This is achieved primarily through a carbon price premium of 39% in 2025, relative to a case with no financing costs.
15.Blowin’ in the wind: Long-term downwind exposure to air pollution from power plants and adult mortality
Shinsuke Tanaka
We estimate the causal effects of long-term exposure to air pollution emitted from fossil fuel power plants on adult mortality. We leverage quasi-experimental variation in daily wind patterns, which is further instrumented by the county orientation from the nearest power plant. We find that the county’s fraction of days spent downwind of plants within 20 miles in the last 10 years is associated with increased mortality from COVID-19 through the third peak in mortality in January 2021. This effect is more pronounced in fenceline communities with high poverty rates, low health insurance coverage, and low educational attainment.
16.Unintended environmental consequences of anti-corruption strategies
Elías Cisneros, Krisztina Kis-Katos
High agricultural profits motivate politicians to collude with local elites and ignore illegal conversion of natural forests. Fighting corruption through fiscal audits can improve local governance in general but may also unintentionally intensify such collusion and rent extraction activities within the less scrutinized forestry sector. This paper highlights such unintended consequences of a federal anti-corruption strategy in Brazil by documenting the causal effects of randomized fiscal audits on deforestation dynamics, a non-targeted outcome. Between 2003 and 2011, public audits of federal funds increased deforestation by about 10% in municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon within the first three years after the audit. The audits triggered forest loss, especially during election years, in municipalities governed by first-term mayors who managed to win re-elections afterwards, and in places with a high share of cattle ranching, indicating potential collusion between local politicians and the agricultural sector.
Notes and short papers
17.Barrett's paradox of cooperation: A full analytical proof 30 years after
Michael Finus, Francesco Furini, Anna Viktoria Rohrer
In his seminal paper, Barrett (1994) argues that international environmental agreements (IEAs) are typically not successful, which he coined "the paradox of cooperation". If the potential gains from full cooperation would be large, self-enforcing IEAs have low participation and, therefore, cannot achieve much, or, if the potential gains are small, agreements are not important, even though IEAs may enjoy large participation. This message has been reiterated by several subsequent papers. Even though these papers explain the driving forces of the paradox, the analysis of membership in stable agreements and the actual and potential gains from cooperation are still mainly based on simulations. In this paper, we provide a full analytical characterization of all items on which the paradox of cooperation is based.
18.Equity weighting increases valuations when using real-world data
Austin Burlile, Peter Maniloff
Environmental economists have long debated whether and how to appropriately integrate distributional concerns into cost benefit analysis. Recent White House guidance instructs U.S. government analysts to weight different groups’ costs and benefits according to their incomes. Groups with incomes below the median would have weights above one, while groups with incomes above the median would have weights below one. We explore the impact of this method. We find that the average weight is above one in a policy-relevant setting. In this example, weighting increases the magnitude of monetized costs and benefits. The average weight varies with the unit of analysis and the choice of unit of analysis can change the sign of the net benefits.
19.The effect of extreme temperatures on evictions
Dylan Brewer, Sarah Goldgar
Using data on evictions in the United States, we estimate the relationship between temperature and eviction filings. We find that extreme heat days result in a statistically significant increase in filings, while extreme cold days do not have the same relationship. To explain these findings, we show that residential energy expenditures are more sensitive to extreme heat than extreme cold, and that energy assistance programs in the United States prioritize funding for heating rather than cooling. These findings suggest that relative to today, future climate change scenarios with more hot days and fewer cold days will increase eviction filings without other policy or private adaptation.
20.Focusing the view: Improved methods for assessing viewshed impacts of onshore wind turbines
Luran Dong, Corey Lang, Jason Parent
Onshore wind turbine capacity continues to grow and will only accelerate, though siting can be challenging given community opposition. We apply the hedonic valuation method with residential property sales data to assess nearby residents’ willingness to pay to avoid having views of turbines from their property. In doing so, we aim to improve methods of assessing viewshed impacts for turbines and other amenities and disamenities that have a visual component. Our recommended viewshed approach uses a Digital Surface Model (DSM), which accounts for trees and buildings that obstruct views. For comparison, we also create viewsheds based on bare-earth Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which has been more typically used other studies. Using data from New England, USA, we use a difference-in-differences identification strategy with treatment defined by the visibility of a wind turbine, while also controlling for proximity-based treatment effects. The results suggest that property values decline by 2.2%–2.5% when a wind turbine is visible, with larger impacts in urban and coastal areas. DEM methods misclassify viewshed for about 75% of properties, when compared to the DSM-based viewshed, and the resulting DEM-based valuation estimates are attenuated.
21.Too hot to sleep
Patrick Bigler, Benedikt Janzen
Adequate sleep is important for a variety of economic outcomes. We study the relationship between ambient temperatures and human sleep using daily district-level data on sleep duration collected by nearly half a million individual consumer wearable sensors in Germany from 2020 to 2022. Our results illustrate a nonlinear relationship between temperature and sleep duration. Average sleep duration decreases at high temperatures and is unaffected by low temperatures. For instance, we find a small but statistically significant reduction in average sleep duration of 2.8% (12 min and 8 s) on a tropical night (when daily minimum temperature exceeds 20 °C) compared to a mid-temperature night. We document corresponding changes in physical activity (number of daily steps) and vital signs (resting heart rate) at high minimum temperatures, which could represent potential mechanisms for the link between temperature and sleep.
Special Section on SURED 2022 - Economic Dynamics and Environmental Policy
22.Carbon market design and market sentiment
Grischa Perino
Concerns about systematic price distortions in the EU Emission Trading System (ETS) have risen in recent years. This paper shows how carbon-market design affects the impact of market sentiment, i.e. systematic deviations of price expectations from fundamentals by at least some market participants, on equilibrium prices. The Market Stability Reserve (MSR) of the EU ETS that adjusts supply based on past allowance banking undermines self-stabilization of the carbon market by discouraging rational intertemporal arbitrage. The MSR increases vulnerability of the EU ETS to market sentiments. Initially, the allowance price responds more to distorted expectations while the MSR (partially) prevents the distortion to spread across periods. Making the MSR more responsive to banking decisions increases the likelihood that distorted expectations turn out to be correct ex post. In contrast, a mechanism that adjust the cap based on the current allowance price does not face a trade off between stabilizing prices in the present and the future.
Special Section on 2nd JEEM Conference in Environmental and Resource Economics
23.Combining private and common property management: The impact of a hybrid ownership structure on grassland conservation
Min Liu, Pengfei Liu, Kaixing Huang
This study finds that a hybrid property structure, where private ownership and communal ownership coexist, outperforms pure private or pure public ownership in terms of grassland conservation after a grassland tenure reform in China. The tenure reform of privatization replaced public ownership gradually and led to a significant 5.4% increase in grassland quality on average. The grassland quality increase is twice as large for private grassland with additional access to public grassland compared to those without such access. Interestingly, public grassland quality did not decline, indicating sustainable utilization by herders. These findings are consistent with the literature which suggests that a properly structured hybrid ownership arrangement could benefit from the positive effects of grassland privatization while mitigating the negative impacts of natural disasters. We further provide empirical support and show that the gains from public grassland access are substantially larger when there are adverse climatic shocks. Our study provides important policy implications for property rights and sustainable grassland management under more frequent climate events.
24.Information, incentives, and environmental governance: Evidence from China’s ambient air quality standards
Pei Li, Yi Lu, Lu Peng, Jin Wang
Information and incentives are pillars of political accountability. We examine their effectiveness in achieving governance under China’s new ambient air quality standards. By exploiting the sequential introduction of pollution information disclosure and environmental performance evaluation, we show that transparency alone is insufficient to induce public monitoring or government responsiveness. But when information provision is combined with performance incentives, local bureaucrats take actions to reduce pollution. The findings suggest that in a top-down hierarchy, when superiors receive accurate environmental information and administer rewards or sanctions based on that information, local governments face greater accountability pressure and respond by improving environmental performance.
