使用生成式人工智能对员工创造力评价的影响
学术
财经
2024-10-17 10:05
上海
使用生成式人工智能对员工创造力评价的影响
The Impact of Using Generative Artificial Intelligence on Employee Creativity Evaluation
《外国经济与管理》2024年46卷第10期 页码：71-88, 104 online：2024年10月20日
中：梁宇畅 , 何刚 , 金孟子
英：Liang Yuchang , He Gang , Jin Mengzi
作者单位：北京大学 光华管理学院, 北京 100871
摘要：本文从第三方社会感知视角切入，基于创造力评价的归因理论探究员工使用生成式人工智能如何影响同事对其的创造力评价及合作意愿。本文开展了一项情景实验研究和一项质性访谈研究来检验第三方员工对人工智能使用者持有“创新偏见”的后果与机制。研究结果表明：相较于不使用生成式人工智能的员工，同事对使用生成式人工智能的员工持有更低的创造力评价，进而降低与之合作的意愿；这一“创新偏见”可能受到个体关于生成式人工智能如何影响人类创造力的观念影响。本研究揭示了在组织情境中使用生成式人工智能的消极社会信号与人际后果，为员工个人及组织应用此项新技术时的决策提供实践启示。
关键词：生成式人工智能；创造力评价；人际合作；创新偏见
Summary: As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies increasingly match human performance in cognitive tasks, their adoption in workplaces is growing. However, the social implications of GenAI usage in organizational contexts remain underexplored. Drawing on the attributional theory of creativity, this paper proposes a creativity bias against employees who use GenAI for creative tasks. It hypothesizes that coworkers perceive GenAI users as less creative, consequently reducing cooperation intention. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a vignette experiment across three creative tasks: software development, marketing copywriting, and visual design. The findings support the presence of an AI bias: GenAI diminishes key social evaluations of users, including perceived creativity, warmth, and honesty. Decreased perceived creativity mediates the negative effect of GenAI usage on coworkers’ cooperation intentions. To gain deeper insights, we conducted in-depth interviews exploring beliefs about GenAI’s impact on human creativity. The results reveal that GenAI affects three critical aspects of human creativity: domain-relevant knowledge and skills, creativity-relevant processes, and intrinsic task motivation. Further, it is found that individuals’ preference for collaborative partners is affected by their beliefs about the relationship between GenAI and human creativity. This paper contributes to the emerging research on the social consequences of GenAI usage in organizational settings and enhances our understanding on how GenAI affects perceptions of human creativity.
Key words:GenAI; creativity evaluation; interpersonal cooperation; innovation bias
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20240901.101
收稿日期：2024-04-30
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（72342027，72472002）
