腹膜的毗邻关系丨医学英语视听学习

Peritoneal Relations

腹膜的毗邻关系

You’ve probably heard that the gastrointestinal tract within your abdomen is several feet long. But have you ever wondered how these loops of intestine don’t get tangled or bounce out of control when you run, jump or dance? 

大家可能听说过腹腔内的胃肠道有几英尺长。但是，大家有想过，在我们跑步、跳跃或跳舞时，这些肠袢是如何保持不缠结或反冲出去的吗？

Fortunately, many of your abdominal organs are held in place by a serous membrane called the peritoneum. Serous membranes line several body cavities where they secrete lubricating serous fluid to reduce friction from movement of muscles. 

所幸许多腹腔器官都被称为腹膜的浆膜固定住。浆膜排列在许多体腔内，它们能够分泌润滑性浆液，来减少肌肉运动产生的摩擦。

And in this tutorial, we’re going to talk about the peritoneum and its relation to organs in the abdomen and the pelvis.

在这个教程中，我们将讨论腹膜及其与腹腔和盆腔器官的毗邻关系。

So to begin, I’m just going to give you a quick overview, and we’re going to start by distinguishing the two types of peritoneum which are the visceral peritoneum and the parietal peritoneum and describe their interactions with organs, and we will discuss the borders and structures of the abdomen and the pelvis as they relate to the peritoneum.

首先，我们将快速介绍一下，我们将先区分两种腹膜：脏腹膜和壁腹膜，介绍它们与器官的相互作用，我们将讨论与腹膜相关的腹腔和盆腔的边缘和结构。

In the abdomen, we’ll look at the peritoneal reflections, the intraperitoneal structures and the retroperitoneal structures, and in the pelvis, we’re going to be looking at the organs, the muscles, the pouches and some other structures. 

对于腹腔，我们将学习腹膜反折、腹膜内和腹膜后的结构，对于盆腔，我们将介绍器官、肌肉、陷凹和一些其他结构。

And finally, we’ll discuss the clinical significance of the peritoneum.

最后，我们将讨论腹膜的临床重要性。

First, though, let’s talk about the structure of the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a double layer of simple squamous serous tissue called the mesothelium. 

首先，我们来讨论腹膜的结构。腹膜是由称为间皮的单层鳞状浆液组织组成的双层膜状结构。

And there are two layers of peritoneum as we mentioned before, and these two layers are known as the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum. And these two layers of peritoneum are continuous with one another and have a potential space between them filled with serous fluid.

如前所述，腹膜有两层，它们称为壁腹膜和脏腹膜。这两层腹膜是连续的，它们之间有充满浆液的潜在间隙。

And this space allows the layers to effortlessly slide over each other, as you can see in our image. Together, both layers anchor organs and provide support for their movements. So we’re going to look at both of these layers and the first of these two layers that we’ll look at in a bit more detail is the parietal peritoneum. This is a serous tissue layer adjacent to the abdominal cavity. 

该间隙允许壁腹膜和脏腹膜毫不费力地相互滑动，如图所示。它们共同固定器官，支撑腹膜活动。因此，我们将学习这两层膜，首先，我们来详细介绍第一层--壁腹膜。壁腹膜是靠近腹腔的浆液组织层。

And in this image, we can see it along the boundaries of the abdomen. The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure and pain found here is well-localized, unlike pain in the second layer of peritoneum, which is, of course, the visceral peritoneum.

在这张图像上，我们可以看到，它沿腹腔边缘走行。壁腹膜对压力敏感，痛觉定位准确，它与第二层腹膜，显然是脏腹膜的痛觉不同。

This is also a serous tissue layer that is in direct contact with the abdominal organs. We can see it here, and we can also see a part of the gastrointestinal tract. 

它也是与腹腔器官直接接触的浆膜。我们可以在这里看到它，我们也可以看到部分胃肠道。

The movement of food through the stomach and the intestines causes those organs to stretch as the visceral peritoneum is sensitive to the stretching, however, painful stretching of visceral peritoneum is not very well-localized. So pain signals here that are felt elsewhere in the body are called referred pain.

食物通过胃肠道运动将导致这些器官拉伸，因为脏腹膜对拉伸很敏感，然而，脏腹膜对拉伸的痛觉定位并不准确。因此，身体其他部位感受到的疼痛信号被称为牵涉痛。

So now that we’ve gone over the structure of the peritoneum itself, let’s go over how it is organized in the abdomen. And peritoneum may or may not completely surround an organ, so let’s take a look at what they might look like.

至此，我们已经复习了腹膜本身的结构，现在，我们来看它在腹腔内是如何排列的？腹膜可能会，也可能不会完全包裹器官，我们来看一下它们可能呈现的外观。

Organs that are completely surrounded by a peritoneum are called intraperitoneal organs, and most intraperitoneal structures are associated with the gastrointestinal tract as this organization allows for both support and movement. For example, the transverse colon could look something like this. 

腹膜完全包裹的器官是腹膜内器官，大多数腹膜内结构与胃肠道相关，因为这种组织排列既提供支撑作用，也能够运动。例如，横结肠可能看起来是这样的。

The lumen that food passes through would be here, and this is the wall of the colon over here, and over here, we can see the peritoneum passing completely around the colon.

这是运输食物的管腔，这儿，这儿是结肠壁，我们可以看到，腹膜完全覆盖结肠。