腹壁肌肉解剖丨医学英语视听学习

Muscles of the abdominal wall

腹壁肌肉

Have you ever held a plank position and found that time moves inexplicably slower than normal while you sweat out each second?

大家有没有做过平板撑，然后发现达到耐力最大值挥汗如雨时，时间将比正常情况下度过的令人费解地缓慢？

Whether you have endured planking to have six-pack abs or you recall struggling during core exercises in gym class, you have surely felt your abdominal muscles engaging, contracting, and yes, burning while doing so.

不管是在做训练六块腹肌的平板撑耐力锻炼，还是追忆往昔在体育课上做艰难的核心锻炼时，大家肯定会感觉到自己的腹肌在运动、收缩，甚至是燃烧！

Ultimately, the muscles of our abdominal wall serve an important purpose and their arrangement and anatomical relationships might be more intricate than you'd expect.

从根本上讲，腹壁肌肉具有非常重要的作用，它们的排列和解剖学关联可能比我们想象的更加复杂。

With that said, let's sit up straight and learn about the muscles of the abdominal wall. Where exactly do we start? 

现在，我们来打起精神，学习一下腹壁的肌肉。那么，从哪里开始讲呢？

We'll begin by reviewing the names and arrangement of all the muscles of the abdominal wall. 

我们将先回顾所有腹壁肌肉的名称和排列。

Next, we'll take a look at the attachment sites and innervation patterns for each muscle. As we venture through this tutorial, we will gain an understanding for the anatomical relationships between the muscles of the abdominal wall.

接下来，我们将学习每一块肌肉的附着点和神经支配。随着讲解，我们将了解腹壁肌肉之间的解剖学关联。

Finally, we will finish off with a look at clinical notes surrounding this group of muscles to help consolidate our knowledge. 

最后，我们将看一些与这些肌肉群相关的临床要点，来帮助大家巩固这节课学习的内容。

Before we set off, let's briefly discuss some overarching details that will help carve out our understanding of the muscles of the abdominal wall.

开始讲解前，我们先简要讨论一些重要的内容，来帮助大家更深入地掌握腹壁肌肉。

Functionally, the muscles of the abdominal wall provide coverage, stability and flexible movement to the abdominal cavity whilst also protecting the abdominal viscera from injury.

从功能上讲，腹壁肌肉能够覆盖腹腔，支持稳定而灵活的运动，同时也能保护腹腔脏器免受损害。

Furthermore, according to their location, these muscles can be divided into two compartments-the anterolateral and the posterior wall muscles. So, are you feeling absolutely ready to master these abdominal wall muscles?

此外，根据它们的位置，这些肌肉可分为两部分：前外侧肌群和后肌群。那么，大家觉得自己准备好掌握这些腹壁肌肉了吗？

Fantastic! Let's begin with the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall.

很棒！我们先来看一下腹壁的前外侧肌群。

There are five bilaterally paired muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall, and as the name suggests, these muscles are located on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the abdominal cavity.

前外侧肌群有 5 块成对的肌肉，它们分布在腹腔两侧，顾名思义，这些肌肉位于腹腔的前外侧表面。

Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall can be divided into two groups according to their fiber direction. There are three flat muscles and two vertical muscles.

根据肌纤维的走向，腹壁前外侧肌群可以分为两组。它们是三块扁平的肌肉和两块垂直的肌肉。

The three flat muscles consist of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles.

三块扁平肌肉包括外斜肌、内斜肌和腹横肌。

These muscles function to flex and rotate the trunk as well as compress the abdominal contents thereby increasing intra-abdominal pressure and supporting the process of urination and defecation.

它们的功能是弯曲和旋转躯干，以及压紧腹内容物，从而增加腹内压，协助排尿和排便过程。

The increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by the contraction of the abdominal wall muscles also assists in giving birth. Forced expiration using the abdominal muscles also helps expel materials from the airways as in coughing or sneezing.

腹壁肌肉收缩引起的腹内压增高也有助于分娩。咳嗽或打喷嚏时，使用腹壁肌肉用力呼吸，也有助于排出气道内的物质。

The two vertical muscles are the rectus abdominis, better known as the abs muscle, and the small pyramidalis muscle. These muscles are enveloped by the rectus sheath and are related to the linea alba.

两块垂直的肌肉是腹直肌（更常简称腹肌）和小锥状肌。它们由腹直肌鞘包裹，与白线有关。

Both of these structures are formed by the aponeurosis of the flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall.

腹直肌鞘和白线都由腹壁前外侧的扁平肌肉的腱膜形成。