腹部警察--大网膜丨医学英语视听学习

Greater Omentum

大网膜

We all understand the duty of police officers. Yes, I’m talking about those real-life superheroes who protect us, our property, and investigate crimes.

我们都知道警察的职责。对的，我说的就是现实生活中那些保护我们和我们的财产，侦查犯罪活动的超级英雄们！

I’m not talking about those friendly folk you might bump into at a cops-and-robbers theme night at one of your local nightclubs. But did you know that you actually have a police officer in your abdomen? 

我说的不是夜店里《警匪游戏》中的友军。但是，大家知道吗，我们的腹部其实也有一名“警察”？

Well, today, we’re going to be lauding about that officer, which is the greater omentum.

今天，我们将介绍这名警察----大网膜。

Before we start talking about the greater omentum, it’s important that we orientate ourselves, and in this illustration, which will feature heavily in this tutorial, we can see an anterior view of the abdominal cavity.

在开始讨论大网膜之前，我们先介绍一下课程教学对象，在这个教程中，我们将重点介绍这张图像，我们会发现，它是腹腔的前视图。

The layers of the anterior abdominal wall including the skin, the fat, and muscles have been dissected away, and this has been done to reveal the membranes and organs within the abdomen. Here we can see the greater omentum and some associated structures such as the small intestine, the large intestine, the stomach, and the liver. 

我们已经去掉了皮肤、脂肪和肌肉等腹前壁层，因此大家能够看到腹腔内的膜和器官。在这儿，我们可以看到大网膜，以及一些相关的结构，如小肠、大肠、胃和肝脏。

If I told you that the greater omentum is the largest fold of visceral peritoneum in the abdominal cavity, it might not mean that much to you. So, I think it’s important that I give you some background information and define a few key terms.

如果我告诉大家，大网膜是腹腔内最大的脏腹膜皱褶，大家可能没什么感觉。所以，我认为，我应该给大家介绍一些背景知识和关键术语。

Let’s start with the peritoneum. If we look at our image, we can see the peritoneum highlighted in green in the midsagittal plane and this is the plane that effectively cuts the body into two equal halves. 

我们先来看腹膜。如果我们观察图像，我们可以看到正中矢状面上的腹膜（见绿色高亮区域），正中矢状面是将身体均分为二的平面。

So, the peritoneum continuous serous membrane that lined the abdominal cavity and wraps around the abdominal organs. It can be divided into two parts – the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum.

腹膜是腹腔内包裹腹部器官的一层连续的浆膜。它可分为两部分：壁腹膜和脏腹膜。

The parietal peritoneum is the portion of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity as you can see in our image here, whereas the visceral peritoneum wraps around the abdominal organs or the viscera. 

如图所示，壁腹膜是腹腔内的腹膜部分，而脏腹膜则包裹腹部器官或脏器。

And between these two layers, there’s a potential space known as the peritoneal cavity which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid. The peritoneum consists of many folds and ligaments, and the largest fold of visceral peritoneum in the abdominal cavity is the greater omentum.

壁腹膜和脏腹膜之间有一潜在的间隙，称为腹膜腔，腹膜腔内包含少量的润滑液体。腹膜由许多皱褶和韧带组成，腹腔内脏腹膜的最大皱褶是大网膜。

So, now you’ll definitely know what I’m talking about. Now that we’ve oriented ourselves and are provided some background information, let me give you a quick overview of what we’re going to be talking about in today’s tutorial. 

至此，大家肯定知道我在讲什么了。我们已经介绍了课程的教学对象，以及一些背景知识，现在，我将快速介绍我们将在今天的教程中讨论的内容。

We’ll start with the structure and function of the greater omentum followed by the blood supply, and then we’ll go on to look at some associated structures. And, finally, we’ll conclude our tutorial with some clinical notes relating to the greater omentum.

我们先介绍大网膜的结构和功能，然后是血液供应，接下来，我们将继续学习一些相关的结构。最后，我们将复习大网膜相关的一些临床内容。

So let’s begin by talking about the structure of the greater omentum. The greater omentum is also known as the epiploon which is derived from the Greek word “epipleo”,  meaning floating on the surface of something, which in this case, is the surface of the intestines. 

首先，我们来讨论大网膜的结构。大网膜也称为网膜【epiploon】，单词 epiploon 源于希腊语“epipleo”，意为漂浮在某种东西的表面，在本教程中，它指的是肠道的表面。

The greater omentum is usually thin and has a perforated appearance. It contains variable amounts of adipose tissue or fat and consists of an anterior sheet and a posterior sheet, each made up of two layers. 

大网膜通常很疏薄，呈筛状外观。它含有不同数量的脂肪组织或脂肪，由前片和后片组成，每一片由两层膜组成。

Therefore, the greater omentum consists of four layers in total. So, if we go back to our image showing the abdominal cavity in the midsagittal plane, we can see the organization of the greater omentum a lot more clearly. 

因此，大网膜共包含 4 层。如果我们回过来观察腹腔的正中矢状面图像，我们可以更清晰地看到大网膜的分布。