精子检查丨医学英语视听学习

Sperm Count

精子计数

A semen analysis is a test done on men to measure the amount and quality of their reproductive fluid, called semen, and their reproductive cells, called sperm. 

精液分析是一项检测男性生殖液（精液）和生殖细胞（精子）数量和质量的检查。

A man’s reproductive system includes two glands, called testicle or testis. They are located inside of a pouch of skin, called the scrotum. The scrotum is outside the body, which keeps the testicles cool enough to make sperm.  

男性生殖系统包括两个腺体：精巢或睾丸。它们位于阴囊皮肤囊袋内。阴囊在身体外部，从而保持睾丸足够冷却，产生精子。

Connected to each testicle is a mass of coiled tubes, called the epididymis. Each epididymis stores immature sperm while they continue to develop.

两个睾丸各与大量称为附睾的迂曲管相连。每个附睾都储存有不成熟的精子，它们会继续发育。

During sex, sperm travel through a tube attached to the epididymis, called the vas deferens, to another tube, called the ejaculatory duct. There, sperm mix with fluid from two glands, called seminal vesicles, as well as the prostate gland. 

性行为期间，精子通过与附睾相连的管道-输精管，移动到另一管道-射精管；然后与两个精囊和前列腺的液体混合。

Now called semen, this fluid mixture exits the body through the urethra, the tube inside the penis that usually carries urine.  

现在形成精液，这种混合液通过尿道（阴茎内通常携带尿液的管道）排出体外。

During sex with a woman, this process, called ejaculation, deposits semen in her vagina. 

与女性发生性行为期间，男性通过射精过程，将精液沉积在女性阴道内。

Semen contains tens of millions of sperm. From the vagina, sperm can pass through the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes to fertilize an egg from the woman’s body. Fertilization of the egg marks the beginning of human development during pregnancy.

精液含有数千万精子。精子通过阴道，穿过宫颈，子宫和输卵管，与女性体内的卵子结合。卵子受精标志着妊娠期生命发育开始。

A man’s doctor may recommend semen analysis if he is unable to get a woman pregnant after at least a year of unprotected sex, or after six months if she is over 40, or if he has had a birth control procedure called a vasectomy. 

以下情况下，医生建议进行精液分析：①至少1年无保护性行为后，男性无法使女性受孕，②女性超过40岁，6个月无保护性行为后未受孕；或者③男性既往曾接受输精管切除术。

The test may be done to make sure there are no sperm in the semen.

精液分析可以确定精液中是否含有精子。

For semen analysis, men need to provide a semen sample after not ejaculating for two to five days. Usually men collect semen in a cup or jar after stimulating themselves to ejaculation, called masturbation.  Or a doctor may provide a special condom to collect the semen at home during sex. 

关于精液分析，男性需要在无射精2~5天后提供精液样本。通常，男性在刺激自己射精（手淫）后，用杯子或瓶子收集精液。或者医生会提供一种特殊的避孕套，用以收集性行为期间产生的精液。

It is important to collect all of the ejaculated semen. Samples collected at home should be kept at body temperature and returned to the lab within two hours for reliable results.

注意，需要收集所有的射精液。在家中采集的样本应保持在正常体温下，并在2小时内送到实验室，以确保获得可靠的结果。

In the lab, the person testing the semen will look at the total amount, or volume of the semen sample. The normal volume range is one and a half to five milliliters, or about a third of a teaspoon to one teaspoon. 

在实验室中，检测人员将检查精液样本总数或体积。正常体积为 1.5-5 ml，或约 1/3-1 小匙的量。

If the semen volume is too low, it may not have enough sperm or enough fluid to nourish and help transport the sperm to a woman’s egg. The lab will also look at the thickness of the semen. If the semen is too thick, the sperm will be trapped within it. 

如果精液量过低，则输送到女性卵子处的精子数量可能不足，或者精液量可能不足以滋养和帮助精子输送到女性卵子处。实验室检查也包含精液浓度。如果精液浓度过高，精子将被困其中。

Next, three main tests will be done on the semen sample under a microscope. 

然后，检查人员将在显微镜下对精液样本进行三项主要检测。

First, a test called a sperm count will measure the sperm per milliliter of semen. If the sperm count is low, it decreases the chances of getting a woman pregnant. 

首先，精子计数将测量每毫升精液的精子数。如果精液量少，则女性受孕的机会将降低。

Second, a motility test will look at the way sperm move or swim. If the sperm have poor motility, they swim too slowly, don’t swim properly, or don’t move at all, with poor motility, the sperm may not be able to move towards a woman’s egg to fertilize it. 

其次，活力检测将检查精子运动或游动的方式。如果精子运动能力差、游动过慢、无法正常游动、或完全无法游动，则可能无法移动到女性卵子处，使其受精。

Third, a morphology test will look at the shape of the sperm. Sperm with abnormal morphology may have a shape that causes poor motility or the sperm may not be able to fertilize an egg, even if they reach it.

第三，形态检测将检查精子的外形。形态异常精子的外形可能会导致其运动能力差，或者即使接触卵子，也可能无法使卵子受精。