妊娠糖尿病丨医学英语视听学习

Gestational Diabetes

妊娠糖尿病

If you have gestational diabetes during your pregnancy, the level of sugar in your bloodstream is higher than normal. 

如果怀孕期间患上妊娠糖尿病，则患者血液中的糖水平高于正常水平。

The sugar in your blood is called glucose. A hormone in your body, called insulin, acts like a key in a lock when it attaches to receptors on your cells. The insulin opens your cells, so glucose can enter them. 

血液中的糖称为葡萄糖。人体内的激素--胰岛素，像开锁的钥匙一样，作用于细胞表面上的受体。胰岛素开启细胞，葡萄糖进入细胞。

Now your cells can use the glucose to produce the energy they need to function properly. A gland, called the pancreas, makes all the insulin your cells need to use glucose.

现在，细胞可以利用葡萄糖产生人体正常运转所需的能量。人体内的腺体--胰腺，分泌细胞利用葡萄糖所需的所有胰岛素。

The exact cause of gestational diabetes isn't known. 

妊娠糖尿病的确切病因尚不清楚。

However, the organ that attaches your baby to your uterus, called the placenta, makes hormones that may prevent insulin from letting glucose into your cells. 

然而，连接胎儿和子宫的器官--胎盘，会产生阻碍胰岛素生成的激素，使葡萄糖无法进入细胞。

As a result, the glucose in your blood rises above normal levels in a condition called hyperglycemia.

因此，患者血液中的葡萄糖将高于正常水平，这种情况称为高血糖症。

Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of any type of diabetes. 

高血糖症是所有类型糖尿病的标志。

If your blood glucose levels are not kept in the normal range, you may develop complications such as high blood pressure. 

如果血糖水平不能保持在正常范围内，患者可能出现高血压等并发症。

In addition, you have an increased risk for premature birth, and cesarean birth, in which your doctor delivers your baby through an incision in your abdomen.

此外，患者出现早产和剖宫产（医生在患者腹部做切口，娩出胎儿）的风险增加。

Your baby may also be at risk for complications shortly after birth including excessive birth weight, called macrosomia, low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia, a yellow color of your baby's skin, called jaundice, and difficulty breathing.

胎儿出生后也可能立即出现并发症，如出生体重过大（巨大儿），低血糖，胎儿皮肤发黄（黄疸），以及呼吸困难。

Gestational diabetes usually goes away after your baby is born. 

妊娠期糖尿病通常在孩子出生后痊愈。

The goal of treating gestational diabetes is to keep your blood glucose in your normal target range. 

妊娠糖尿病的治疗目标是保持血糖在正常的指标范围内。

You can do this by creating a healthy eating plan with your health care provider or a registered dietitian. Physical activity and exercise can also help you keep your blood glucose level within your normal target range. 

为此，患者可以与医务人员或注册营养师一起制定健康的饮食计划。体育活动或运动也有助于患者的血糖维持在正常指标范围内。

Your doctor may ask you to regularly check your blood glucose level with a glucose meter. 

医生可能要求患者定期使用血糖仪检测血糖水平。

To check your blood glucose level, you will insert a test strip into your glucose meter. Then you will stick your finger and place a drop of blood onto the test strip. The glucose meter will measure and display your blood glucose level.

检查血糖水平时，患者需要将试纸条插入血糖仪。然后刺破手指，将一滴血滴到试纸上。血糖仪将测量，并显示患者的血糖水平。

If you have gestational diabetes, the American Diabetes Association recommends the following target ranges for blood glucose level: 

美国糖尿病协会建议，妊娠糖尿病患者的血糖水平维持在以下指标范围：

95 or less before a meal, 140 or less one hour after a meal, and 120 or less two hours after a meal. Check with your doctor for your specific target range. 

餐前 ≤ 95，餐后1小时 ≤ 140，餐后两小时 ≤ 120。具体指标范围，请咨询医生。

If diet and exercise are not able to keep your blood glucose level within your normal target range, your caregiver may prescribe insulin for you, and show you how to give yourself insulin shots.

如果通过控制饮食和运动，无法将血糖水平维持在正常指标范围内，医生可能开胰岛素治疗，并告知患者胰岛素的注射方法。

You can help prevent gestational diabetes by 

妊娠糖尿病可通过以下方式预防：

getting preconceptual counseling in which you meet with your obstetrician before you get pregnant to plan a healthy pregnancy, 

孕前咨询-孕前咨询产科医生，制定健康的怀孕计划；

losing excess pounds before you get pregnant, 

孕前减肥；

getting regular exercise before and during your pregnancy, and eating healthy foods.

孕前和怀孕期间规律运动，以及健康饮食。