子宫内膜异位症丨医学英语视听学习

Endometriosis

子宫内膜异位症

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue, similar to the lining in your uterus, grows in other areas of your body. 

子宫内膜异位症指类似于子宫内膜的组织在身体其它部位生长的疾病。

If you are a woman, your reproductive system includes the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. 

女性生殖系统包括阴道、子宫、输卵管和卵巢。

During a normal menstrual cycle, your ovaries make chemicals called hormones, which signal the lining of your uterus to thicken. The lining, called the endometrium, builds up to prepare to receive a fertilized egg. 

在正常月经期内，卵巢产生称为激素的化学物质，发出信号，使子宫内膜增厚。子宫内膜形成，准备接受受精卵。

If the egg isn't fertilized, the uterus sheds the lining through your vagina. This monthly bleeding is called your menstrual period. 

如果卵子未受精，则子宫内膜脱落，经阴道排出。每个月出血称为月经周期。

If you have endometriosis, the lining type tissue grows outside your uterus for reasons that aren't clear. The misplaced tissue response to the hormones just like it would if it were inside your uterus. The tissue continues to thicken, then sheds, and bleeds with every menstrual cycle. 

由于不明原因，子宫内膜异位症患者的内膜层在子宫外生长。错位的组织像子宫内的组织一样，对激素做出反应。组织继续增厚，然后脱落，随每月月经期排出。

However, the blood and tissue that are shed outside the uterus have no way to leave your body. The trapped endometrial flow can irritate the surrounding area causing inflammation and pain. 

然而，血液和子宫外脱落的组织无法离开身体。滞留的子宫内膜血流刺激周围区域，引起发炎和疼痛。

Bands of scar tissue, called adhesions, may form, sticking one organ to another or causing your fallopian tubes to close. This can affect your fertility, which is the ability to become pregnant.

疤痕组织带（即粘连）形成，将一个器官粘附在另一个器官上，或导致输卵管闭合，这可能影响生育功能，即怀孕的能力。

Endometriosis can form endometriomas, also known as chocolate cysts. These cysts are fluid-filled sacs on your ovaries that can affect fertility. Endometriosis may also result in abnormal bleeding. 

子宫内膜异位可形成子宫内膜瘤，也称为巧克力囊肿。这些囊肿是卵巢上充满液体的囊，会影响生育能力。子宫内膜异位症也可能导致异常出血。

The most common sites for endometriosis are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outside of your uterus, the supporting structures around your uterus, and the lining of your pelvis, called the peritoneum. Other sites include your bladder, rectum, and intestines.

子宫内膜异位症最常发部位是卵巢、输卵管、子宫外、子宫周围的支撑结构，以及盆腔内壁（即腹膜）。其它部位包括膀胱、直肠和肠道。

If you have endometriosis, you may have one or more of these symptoms, 

子宫内膜异位症患者可能出现 1 或多种症状，

chronic usually worsening central pelvic pain, pain before or during your period, pain during sex felt deep within your pelvis, painful urination during your period, painful bowel movements during your period, abnormal bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, or nausea, and difficulty getting pregnant called infertility.

如慢性盆腔中央疼痛加重、月经前或经期疼痛、性交时盆腔深处感到疼痛、经期排尿疼痛、经期排便疼痛、异常出血、腹泻、便秘或恶心，以及怀孕困难（不孕）。

Your doctor may recommend treatment options from the following categories, pain management medications, such as aspirin, acetaminophen, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, also known as NSAIDs, provide relief from pain. 

医生可能推荐以下几类药物治疗：阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚或非甾体抗炎药（NSAID）等疼痛管理药物，用于缓解疼痛；

Hormone therapy, such as birth control pills, can prevent monthly endometrial buildup and bleeding. You may need a surgical procedure to treat the tissue causing pain or bleeding. 

避孕药等激素治疗，可防止每月子宫内膜形成和出血。患者可能需要手术，治疗引起疼痛或出血的组织。

Examples of such procedures include, removal or destruction of endometrial tissue, removal of adhesions and scar tissue, removal or drainage of cysts, removal or destruction of nerve fibers that transmit pain, removal of your uterus, called a hysterectomy, or removal of your ovaries, called an oophorectomy. 

这些手术包括：切除或破坏子宫内膜组织，切除粘连和疤痕组织，切除或引流囊肿，切除或破坏传递疼痛的神经纤维，切除子宫（即子宫切除术），或切除卵巢（卵巢切除术）。