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Walking in the hutongs (alleyways) of Beijing, if you see a residential compound (建筑群) with a courtyard enclosed by the surrounding houses and walls on the four sides, 1 is called a “Siheyuan” (quadrangle dwellings) .
The size of a Siheyuan was affected by the 2 (household) social status, which was reflected in the gate as well. Some gates were painted red, while others had door nails, 3 decorated with stone blocks and brass ring door knockers.
Facing inward toward the courtyard, the surrounding houses are mostly occupied by different members of a large family. The senior members usually live in the main house 4 the north, which has good lighting and temperature all year round, while the younger generations would live in other wings by 5 (senior). The whole Siheyuan forms a self-contained environment for the family, creating a 6 (harmony) atmosphere.
Influenced by urbanization and social changes, some courtyard houses 7 (pull) down, Siheyuan becomes a precious memory of the old Beijing city. And those courtyard houses preserved are often endowed with modern features. The houses 8 (maintain) the original layout, architects have renovated the house and added modern living equipment 9 (adapt) the traditional buildings for contemporary uses.
The design of the residential area of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village was inspired by Siheyuan. The 20 apartment buildings, arranged in a special way that create s enclosed and open spaces, 10 (surround) six courtyards, which shows a perfect integration of the Olympic culture and the traditional Beijing culture.
答案和翻译
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四合院的建筑特色以及历史。
it
household’s
both
on
seniority
harmonious
having been pulled
maintaining
to adapt
surround
解析：
1. 考查代词。句意：走在北京的胡同里，如果你看到一个院子被周围的房子和四面的墙围起来的住宅，它被称为“四合院”。此处指代上文compound，作主语，应用代词it。故填it。
2. 考查名词所有格。句意：四合院的大小受家庭社会地位的影响，这也反映在大门上。此处household 与后文status为所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填household’s。
3. 考查代词。句意：一些大门被漆成红色，而另一些则有门钉，都用石块和黄铜环门环装饰。此处指前文提到的两类大门应用both。故填both。
4. 考查介词。句意：年长的成员通常住在北侧的主屋，那里一年四季都有良好的采光和温度，而年轻的一代则按年长者住在其他两翼。短语on the north表示“位于北边”。故填on。
5. 考查名词。句意：年长的成员通常住在北侧的主屋，那里一年四季都有良好的采光和温度，而年轻的一代则按年长者住在其他两翼。介词后跟名词seniority，作宾语。故填seniority。
6. 考查形容词。句意：整个四合院形成了一个自给自足的家庭环境，营造出和谐的氛围。修饰名词atmosphere应用形容词harmonious。故填harmonious。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：受城市化和社会变迁的影响，一些四合院被拆除，四合院成为老北京的一段珍贵记忆。此处为独立主格结构，且pull与courtyard houses构成被动关系，表示动作已经完成，应用having been done形式。故填having been pulled。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：房屋保持了原有的布局，建筑师对房屋进行了翻新，并增加了现代生活设备，使传统建筑适应现代用途。分析句子结构可知maintain与逻辑主语houses构成主动关系，故用现在分词，故填maintaining。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：房屋保持了原有的布局，建筑师对房屋进行了翻新，并增加了现代生活设备，使传统建筑适应现代用途。此处adapt在句中表目的，故为不定式。故填to adapt。
10. 考查时态。句意：20栋公寓以特殊的方式排列，形成封闭和开放的空间，围绕六个庭院，展示了奥林匹克文化与传统北京文化的完美结合。此处缺主句谓语，又根据which从句中动词时态推断此处应为一般现在时，主语为buildings，谓语用原形。故填surround。
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