反意疑问句
知识点讲解
反意疑问句，又称反意疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议。
一．反意疑问句的组成
反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述部分，后一部分是反意疑问部分，两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。反意疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。
（一）基本组成方法
1. 肯定式陈述部分+否定反意疑问部分（前肯后否） | You often play badminton ,don’t you? You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you? She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she ? | |
2. 否定式陈述部分+肯定反意疑问部分（前否后肯） | It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? They can’t finish it by Friday, can they ? | |
3. 含有否定词的反意疑问句 | （1）当陈述句中含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, little, few, none, neither, no, not, nothing, no one, nobody等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式。 | He hardly goes to school by car, does he? You have never been to Paris, have you ? They seldom come late, do they? Little has been done to prevent pollution, has it? |
（2）如果陈述句中仅含否定前缀或后缀的词impossible, impolite, unhappy,unhealthy,useless, unnecessary, dislike,disappear…等，则后面的反意疑问句仍为否定形式。 | He is unfit for his job, isn’t he? It is impossible, isn't it? He dislikes his classmates, doesn’t he? | |
4. 祈使句的反意疑问句 | ||
（1）Let's 开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we? （2）Let us 开头的祈使句，和Don’t 反意疑问句用will you? | Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? Don't make any noise, will you? | |
（二）注意几种特殊情况：
1. 当陈述部分主语是everyone/ everybody, someone/somebody, no one/ nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时， 反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时， 反意疑问句部分的主语用it。 | Nobody saw him walk into the room , did they? Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’t it? |
2. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that, these, those时， 反意疑问句的主语不再用指示代词，而要用it或they。 | That isn’t your dictionary, is it? These are interesting stories, aren’t they? |
3. 当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时， 反意疑问句用“be (not) there”结构。 | There is a book on the desk, isn’t there ? There are not any pens in the box, are there? |
4. 当陈述句的谓语动词是have时， 如果作“有”讲， 反意疑问句用have或助动词do的形式； 如果表示其他意思时， 反意疑问句只用助动词do的形式。 | You have a nice house, haven’t/ don’t you? You often have headaches, don’t you? We have to finish the work now, don’t we? They had a good time last night, didn’t they? |
5. 当陈述句的谓语部分含有had better, would rather, would like, ought to时， 反意疑问句的谓语动词要用相应的助动词。 | You’d better go now, hadn’t you? You’d rather go there early, wouldn’t you? |
6. 当陈述句的谓语动词含有used to时， 反意疑问句的谓语部分用didn’t或usedn’t。 | He used to get up early, didn’t/ usedn’t he? |
7.陈述句部分是主从复合句时， 反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词要与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。 | He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, can he? This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn’t it? He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he? |
8. 在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I (don’t) think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine/ expect等+宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分要与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并且要注意否定转移（前肯后否，前否后肯）。 | We believe she can do it better, can't she? I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you? |
二．反意疑问句的回答
反意疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。
1. 反意疑问句的答语与汉语表达的差异： （1）对于“前肯后否”的反意疑问句的回答，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，译成“是的”，事实是否定的，就要用no，译成“不”。 （2）对于“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的回答，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，译成“不”，事实是否定的，就要用no，译成“是的”。 | 一Tom is an honest boy, isn't he? 一Yes, he is. We trust him all the time. —He likes playing football, doesn’t he? —No, he doesn’t. —You didn’t find the owner of the books, did you? —No, I didn’t. So I gave them to our teacher. —His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? —Yes, she did. She spoke at the meeting. |
2.祈使句的反意疑问句的肯定回答为“Yes, I will.” ，否定回答为“No, I won’t.”。
| —Write to me when you get home, will you? —Yes, I will. —Don’t make a noise, will you? —No, I won’t. |
三．反意疑问部分的读法
陈述部分一般用降调，而反意疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调，但含义有所不同。
1. 用升调时，多表示疑问或请求 | The school team have won the gold medal, ↘ haven't they? ↗ |
2. 用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。 | The school team have won the gold medal, ↘ haven't they? ↘ |
巩固练习
一．单项选择
1.David never fights with his classmates, ______?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. isn’t he
2.Let's go to Disneyland in Shanghai in August, _____?
A. shall we B. will you C. won't you
3. Nancy, sweep the classroom, _____?
A. don’t you B. do you C. will you D. doesn’t she
4. Thanks to the 2014 Winter Olympics, Sochi is well-known, ______?
A. isn’t it B. was it C. is it D. wasn’t it
5. Actually, I don't think Spiderman IIis as interesting as the first, ______?
A. does it B. doesn’t it C. isn't it D. is it
6. — Judy’s never been late for school, ________ she?
— ________. She is always the first to get to school every morning.
A. is; Yes B. has; No C. isn’t; Yes D. hasn’t; No
7. —He's already come back to Australia，________?
—Yes. We watched a movie together last night.
A. isn't he B. doesn't he C. hasn't he D. has he
8. I don't think she will agree with us, _ ?
A. will she B. won't she C. don't you D. do you
9. Ibelieve they can make everything good enough, _ ?
A.can they B. can’t they C. do I D. don’t I
10. — There is a beautiful park near your school,_ ?
— Yes. I often go walking there.
A. isn’t there B. is there C. is it D. isn’t it
11. It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they
12. It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, _______?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
13. Tom and Sally could hardly work together, ________?
A. could they B. couldn’t they C. couldn’t he D. could she
14. When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,______?
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. have you
15. I told them that I could run as fast as you , ______ ?
A. could he B. didn’t I C. didn’t you D. could they
二．完成对话
1.－It’s Father’s Day today, ______? －______,______. let’s buy a gift for Dad.
2. －Don’t be late for school next time, ______?
－______, ______. I’ll
try to be on time.
3. — There is a beautiful park near your school, ______?
—______, ______. I often go walking there.
4.—The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing, ______?
—______, ______.
5. —Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college, ______ ?
—______, ______. He first played in a team at senior high school.
6. —David has been to a boxing match, ______?
—______, ______. He always watches boxing on TV.
7.---You can’t cook, ______
--- ______, ______. I’m good at cooking.
8. —You have a nice car, ______?
—___,______. I bought it last year.
9. —This is the first time that you have been to America, ______?
—______, ______. It is the second time that I’ve been there.
10. —According to my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold, ______?
—______, ______. Scientists agree with her.
参考答案
一. 单项选择
1-5：AACAD 6-10: BCAAA 11-15: BCACB
二. 完成对话
1. isn’t it ; Yes, it is 2. will you ; No, I won’t 3. isn’t there ; Yes , there is 4. weren’t they ; Yes, they were 5. didn’t he ; No , he didn’t 6. hasn’t she ; No, he hasn’t 7. can you ; Yes , I can 8. Yes, I do 9. isn’t is ; No , it isn’t 10. isn’t it ; Yes, it is
