现在完成时
知识点讲解
一、定义及基本用法：过去发生的动作对现在有影响
如：The boy has cut his hair. 这个男孩已经剪了他的头发。
I haven’t seen much of him recently我已经很久没有看到他。
动作从过去延续到现在，可能还要持续下去。常与for, since 连用。
如：The girl has danced for 2 hours. 这个女孩已经跳了2个小时舞了
He has lived here since 2005 自从2005年以来，他一直住这儿
注意理解两个关键词：1. 对现在有影响 2. 动作会持续
二、谓语形式：have/ has done (注意: have随着的人称会变化形式 )
已经 做
Eg: I’ve（have）just lost my keys. 我已经把钥匙丢了。
He has gone to America. 他已经去美国了。
三、动词过去分词（done）的规则变化。（初中阶段大部分的动词过去分词参考过去式变化即可）口诀：直去双变
1. 一般情况下直接给动词+ed 变过去分词。如work→worked
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加d 。如：live →lived
3. 重读闭音节结尾双写尾字母加ed. 如：stop→stopped drop-dropped
4. 以辅音字母y结尾的动词变y为i加ed。如cry→cried ,study→studied
(注意)：课本最后一页附的动词不规则变化表格必须背的滚瓜烂熟哈。注意AAA,AAB ABA…
四、时间标志词
现在完成时的时间标志词有：常与since（自从...）和for（持续了...），already（已经）用在肯定句，助动词后，过去分词前。yet（仍然）用在否定句和疑问句中, just（刚刚），so far 到目前为止=up to now/ up till now/ (迄今为止) ，ever（曾经），never（从不），before（以前）等连用。
1. since的用法
(1)since 的含义是自从..可以加时间点,表示动作开始什么时候。如：I have been waiting since 8:00 am.
(2)since 的用法：since +一般过去时，另外的句子时态用现在完成。如：I have made many friends since I came here.
2. for的用法：for＋时间段
如：I have watched TV for ten hours.
3. since和for的句式转换：
since＋时间段＋ago＝for＋时间段
They haven't changed since twenty years ago.＝They haven't changed for twenty years.
在现在完成时当中，若对since和for引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用how long来提问。
—________ have you lived in Lanzhou?
—Since my parents found jobs here.
A. How long B. How far
C. How soon D. How old
4. already VS yet
(1).这两个词，经常和完成式一起使用，但是可以省略掉。already 意为adv.已经；早已。用在肯定句中，一般用于have/has后，实义动词前，也有放在句尾的情况。I have already finished my homework.
(2). yet 意为尚未..用在疑问句中和否定句中一般用在句末
I haven’t finished breakfast yet.
五. 句型转换
has | Have | |
主语 | 第三人称单数 | 第一/二人称单数/复数 |
肯定句 | He has turned the light off. | They have already read the book. |
否定句 | He hasn’t turned the light off. | They haven’t read the book yet. |
一般疑问句 | Has he turned the light off? | Have they read the book yet? |
简略回答 | Yes, he has. /No, he hasn’t | Yes, they have./No they haven’t |
肯定句：主语+have/has done +其他
否定句：主语+have/has +not +done +其他
一般疑问句：Has/have +主语+done +其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答：No,主语+ have/has+not.
六、have gone to; have been to ; have been in/at
1. have gone to 和have been to（注意：当have been to后面接副词，如here, there, home时，to要省略。变为have been here/there/home。）
go to的意思是“去”，have gone to 的意思是“已经去……了”
They have gone to Xi’an. 他们已经去西安了。
He has gone to school. 他已经去学校了。
have been to的意思是“已经去过……”，经常跟次数连用。
They have been to Xi’an many times. 他们已经去过西安很多次了。
2. have been in /at
表示在某地呆了多长时间，常接时间段
He has been in London for half a year.他在伦敦呆了半年。
七、现完中关于动词的延续性
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。短暂性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
(1) 如果现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语(如含since/for引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。
(2) 短暂性动词可以转化为延续性动词
①直接换成延续性动词
Buy（bought）→have/has had拥有 borrow/borrowed →have/has kept（持有）
put on穿上→have/has wore穿着 come/go/become来/去/变成→have/has been in在/是
②转换成be＋名词
join the army参军→have/has been in the army 在军队中 join the Party 入党→have/has been a Party member成为一名党员
go to school去上学→have/has been a student成为一名学生
③转换成be＋形容词/副词
die死亡→have/has been dead死了 finish结束→be over结束
begin开始→have/has been on 在上映/已开始 leave离开→have/has been
away from远离的
all asleep入睡→have/has been asleep睡着的close关闭→have/has been closed关着的
配套练习题
一、单项选择
1.My cousin 100 model planes since 2019.
A. collects B. is collecting C. has collected
2.—Where do you live. Lin Tao?
—I live in Beijing now. I _____here for ten years.
A. moved B. have moved C. have been
3.The film Operation Red Sea _____ a lot of praise since its first show months ago.
A. wins B. win C. will win D. has won
4.—Yournew watch is so nice! When did you buy it?
—In April. I __________ it for two months.
A.have had B. had C. have bought D. bought
5.Daming ______ in this place since two years ago.
A. have lived B. has lived C. lives
6. —Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?
—Yes, he is. He ______ history for nearly 20 years.
A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach
7. He ________ the city since he graduated(毕业) from college.
A. has left B. left C. has been away from
8.Uncle Liang ________ in Haikou since 1980, so he knows a lot about the city.
A. is living B. has lived C. lived
9.The water dark and dirty . It's no longer safe to drink．
A. became B. has become C. will become D. was becoming
10. The bus _________ for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station.
A. went B. has left C. had left D. had been away
12. Thestudents are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year.
A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away
13. ---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.
A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since
二、完成句子，每空一词
1. 自从去年冬天，我就没有收到过她的信。I haven’t heard from her ___________ _________ _________.
2. 我们已经在这里等了半个小时了。We’ve already waited here ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 自从这周二开始，他就一直没去学校上学。He hasn’t gone to school _______ _______ Tuesday.
4. 你曾经梦想成为一名音乐家吗？________ _______ _______ ________ of becoming a musician?
5. 玛丽从来没有去过西湖. Mary _________ ________ ________ ________ the West Lake.
6. 我还没有找到丢失的钥匙。I________ ________ the lost keys.
7. 你决定要去哪里了吗？________ you ________ where to go?
