水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）作为极具发展前景的储能系统由于具有低成本、高安全性等优点受到了广泛的关注。然而，锌负极表面严重的副反应，特别是复杂的析氢反应（HER）和锌枝晶生长，给AZIBs的实际应用带来了巨大的挑战。
近日，苏州大学张亮教授和程涛教授等人在Science China Materials发表研究论文，通过引入具有等电点特性的两性离子牛磺酸，作为电解质添加剂，有效调节其净电荷以适应微环境的变化来构建钝化层从而稳定锌负极。
1) 实验和理论结果表明，牛磺酸在碱性界面微环境中能够与Zn2+发生螯合作用并在锌负极表面原位形成疏水且亲锌的钝化层，同时动态缓冲pH值的变化，从而抑制了HER和枝晶生长。2) 在含牛磺酸添加剂的电解液中，Zn||Zn对称电池可以稳定循环1800小时以上（5 mA cm−2和5 mAh cm−2）。3) 采用NH4V4O10正极和锌负极的全电池在1200次循环后也具有高达89.8%的优异容量保持率。这种可以良好适应微环境的添加剂为减轻电池副反应，从而实现高性能水系锌离子电池的实际应用提供了新的思路。Figure 1. Schematic illustration of Zn2+ deposition (a) without and (b) with taurine. (c) XRD patterns and (d, e) SEM images of Zn anodes after 20 cycles.Figure 2. (a) In-situ pH-time curves for the initial 15 cycles. (b) ATR-FTIR spectra of the Zn anode with different electrolytes. Inset is the enlarged characteristic peaks ranging from 900–1200 cm−1. (c) O 1s, (d) S 2p, and (e) N 1s XPS spectra of the Zn anode with different electrolytes. (f) Adsorption energies of H2O, taurine and ZTC on the Zn (002) surface. (g) ESP mapping of ZTC. (h) Contact angle of H2O on Zn anode after 20 cycles with different electrolytes.Figure 3. (a) 1H NMR spectra of different electrolytes. (b) 1H NMR spectra of taurine with and without ZnSO4. (c) Zn K-edge XANES spectra (inset shows a shift towards lower energy) and (d) FT-EXAFS spectra (inset is the enlarged peak corresponding to the Zn–O coordination shell) of different electrolytes. Schematic illustrations of the Zn anode interfacial microenvironment in the ZnSO4 electrolyte (e) without and (f) with taurine.Figure 4. Electrochemical performance of Zn anode with and without taurine additive. (a) Cycling performance of Zn||Zn cells at 5 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2. (b) Rate performance at different current densities for Zn||Zn cells with and without taurine additive. (c) Cycling performance of Zn||NH4V4O10 full cells at a current density of 2 A g−1. (d) Rate performance and (e, f) charge-discharge profiles of Zn||NH4V4O10 cells with and without taurine additive.Yawen Xie, Shuang Feng, Jiechang Gao, Tao Cheng, Liang Zhang. Modulating the interfacial microenvironment via zwitterionic additive for long-cycling aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Sci. China Mater. (2024).https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-2972-7
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