高原人的生活离不开牦牛

文摘   2024-08-14 20:20   青海  
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高原人的生活
离不开牦牛

The life of highland people
cannot do without yaks



 牦牛,被称为“高原之舟”,

在青藏高原,

牦牛与人们的生活密切相关。


Yaks, known as the“boats of the plateau”,

In the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,

Yaks are closely related to people's lives.

 

草原牧民一天的生活是从家庭主妇挤牦牛奶开始的。他们的早餐是喝牦牛奶茶,吃酥油(从牦牛奶中提炼)与青稞炒面拌成的糌粑,这样才能为上午的劳作提供充足的能量。吃完早饭,男子们要骑着马(或者骑摩托车、开汽车)到草场上放牧牦牛和藏羊。

The daily life of grassland herders begins with housewives milking yak milk. Their breakfast is to drink tea with yak milk, eat yak butter (extracted from yak milk) and Zanba mixed with highland barley fried noodles, so as to provide sufficient energy for the morning work. After breakfast, the men ride horses (or motorcycles or cars) to graze yaks and Tibetan sheep on the grassland.

牦牛头像铜铃串



牦牛,藏语叫“诺尔” 意思是“宝贝”。在牧区,牦牛毛和绒的编织品更是随处可见,牧民把它们掺在一起使用,捻成线、搓成绳,编制成帐篷、卡垫、背包等日用品,甚至有些家里还有牦牛的尾巴做成的“毛掸”。高原多雪,在没有玻璃眼镜的年代,聪慧的牧民们就用牦牛毛编织雪镜,预防雪盲症的发生。

Yak, also known as "Nuo'er" in Tibetan, means "treasure". In pastoral areas, woven fabrics made from yak hair and wool are ubiquitous. Herdsmen mix them together, twist them into threads, and knead them into ropes, and weave them into daily necessities such as tents, mats, backpacks, and even some households have "yak dusters" made from yak tails. The plateau is always  snowy, and in the era without glass glasses, clever herdsmen used yak hair to weave snow glasses to prevent the occurrence of snow blindness.

用牦牛毛编制的雪镜。
牦牛皮与金属制作的饰品。


 牦牛不仅为高原民族提供肉食,也是运输工具,季节变换,转移牧场时,牧民们要靠牦牛来驮运帐房和家具,赶往下一个牧场。

Yaks not only provide meat for highland  ethnic groups, but also serve as a means of transportation. As seasons change, herdsmen rely on yaks to transport tents and furniture to the next pasture.



高原人使用的很多用具都是用牦牛毛、牦牛骨制成的。牧民们的帐房是用牦牛毛编织的;用牦牛皮制作的牛皮船、牛皮筏子,是高原人渡河的最好交通工具。还有一些器物虽然是用其他材质制作的,但很多有牦牛的形象。

Many utensils used by highland people are made of yak hair and yak bones. The herdsmen's tents are woven with yak hair; Cowhide boats and rafts made of yak skin are the best means of transportation for plateau people to cross rivers. There are also some objects, although made of other materials, many of which have the image of yaks.



牦牛皮制作的渡船。


 
在高原人的观念中,就连万里长江也与牦牛有关。长江的上游藏语叫“治曲”,意思是“母牦牛河”,传说长江是从一头母牦牛的鼻孔里流出的。在高原神话中,牦牛是力量的象征,它被赋予了神圣的色彩。

In the minds of highland people, even the Yangtze River, spanning thousands of miles, is associated with yaks. The upper reaches of the Yangtze River are called "Zhiqu" in Tibetan, which means " female Yak River". Legend has it that the Yangtze River flows out from the nostrils of a female yak. In the plateau myth, yak is a Symbol of Strength, which is endowed with sacred color.




文字:辛元戎
摄影:辛元戎
主编:谭   梅
总监:林玟均


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