导读
畜牧业生产是草食性草原生产系统重要的经济活动，这个过程会改变植物结构和调节生物量动态。肯尼亚内罗毕大学的Bosco Kidake Kisambo等通过放牧模拟实验确定刈割频率和强度对肯尼亚半干旱环境中水牛草和几内亚草的形态和生产力的影响。放牧模拟的频率刈割间隔为2、4和12周，强度为5、10和15 cm刈割高度。同时测定这两种草的形态变化和生物量。结果表明，两种草对模拟放牧频率和强度的响应显著不同，模拟放牧频率和强度显著影响形态参数、分蘖和生物量（p＜0.05）。低频刈割（LF）处理干物质产量（DM）最高，其次是中频（MF）和高频（HF）刈割处理。水牛草Kilifi生态型在LF处理下DM比MF和HF处理分别高20%和31%。水牛草Magadi生态型的DM在4周和12周刈割间隔处理下无显著差异，2周的间隔处理下累积DM减少。几内亚草Taveta生态型的DM在MF和HF处理下分别减少23%和25%，Taveta生态型的DM在MF和HF处理下分别减少13%和15%。刈割强度显著影响水牛草的而非几内亚草的DM。
这项研究的结果表明，相对低频率的放牧（4周或12周间隔），10 cm或15 cm刈割高度能获得较高的生物量产量。通常，LF和MF放牧或刈割管理对半干旱地区草地有利。频繁和高强度的放牧管理应被禁止，这样的管理方式很可能会导致生物量产量降低，对牧草和环境产生负面影响。本研究揭示了半干旱环境中乡土草对模拟放牧频率和强度的响应，为进一步开展相关研究工作奠定了基础。
图表
Figure 1：Experimental layout and treatments
Table 1. Morphological traits of Cenchrus ciliaris and Panicum maximum ecotypes under different clipping frequencies at the peak flowering stage
Note: The values shown are means (n = 6). Different letters after the mean within the same column denote signifificant differences at p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: CC‐KLF, Cenchrus ciliaris—Kilififi; CC-MGD, Cenchrus ciliaris—Magadi; LSD, least signifificance difference; PM‐ISY, Panicum maximum‐Isinya ISY; PM-TVT, Panicum maximum—Taveta.
Table 2. Morphological traits of Cenchrus ciliaris and Panicum maximum ecotypes under different clipping intensities at the peak flflowering stage
Note: Values shown are means (n = 6). Different letters after the mean within the same column denote signifificant differences at p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: CC‐KLF, Cenchrus ciliaris—Kilififi; CC‐MGD, Cenchrus ciliaris—Magadi; LSD, least signifificance difference; PM‐ISY, Panicum maximum—Isinya ISY; PM-TVT, Panicum maximum—Taveta.
Figure 2：Tillering dynamics of the four grass ecotypes under low‐clipping frequency (a), moderate‐clipping frequency (b) and high‐clipping frequency (c) over two seasons. Colored lines represent means (n = 6) for the different ecotypes, while whiskers indicate standard errors. CC‐KLF, Cenchrus ciliaris—Kilififi; CC‐MGD, Cenchrus ciliaris—Magadi; HF, high‐frequency clipping; LF, low-frequency clipping; MF, moderate‐frequency clipping; PM-ISY, Panicum maximum—Isinya ISY; PM‐TVT, Panicum maximum—Taveta.
Figure 3：Cumulative biomass production of Cenchrus ciliaris (a) and Panicum maximum (b) ecotypes under various clipping frequencies over the season. Each bar indicates a mean (n = 3) with standard error indicated on top. Different small letters denote signifificant differences according to Tukey's test at p < 0.05. CC-KLF, Cenchrus ciliaris—Kilififi; CC‐MGD, Cenchrus ciliaris—Magadi; HF, high‐frequency clipping; LF, low-frequency clipping; MF, moderate‐frequency clipping; PM-ISY, Panicum maximum Isinya ISY; PM‐TVT, Panicum maximum—Taveta.
Figure 4：Cumulative biomass production of Cenchrus ciliaris (a) and Panicum maximum (b) ecotypes under various clipping intensities over the season. Each bar indicates a mean (n = 3), with the standard error indicated on top. Different small letters denote signifificant differences according to the Tukey test at p < 0.05. CC-KLF, Cenchrus ciliaris—Kilififi; CC‐MGD, Cenchrus ciliaris-Magadi; HF, high‐frequency clipping; LF, low-frequency clipping; MF, moderate‐frequency clipping; PM-ISY, Panicum maximum—Isinya ISY; PM-TVT, Panicum maximum—Taveta.
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Grassland Research是我国草业科学领域第一本国际学术期刊，季刊，由中国草学会和兰州大学共同主办。该刊受中国科技期刊卓越计划高起点新刊项目支持，由国际出版集团John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.提供出版及宣传服务，于2022年正式出版。
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