清华大学土木工程系为加强土木工程领域国际化学术交流，提升教学与科研国际化水平，扩展学生国际化视野，搭建国际化院校沟通桥梁，特开展土木工程系国际化系列讲座——清华土木工程前瞻讲座CIvil engineering VIsion Lecture at Tsinghua（CIVIL@Tsinghua）. 每期将特别邀请土木工程领域国际知名专家作专题报告，分享最新行业发现和科研成果，洞悉未来土木行业发展趋势。
清华土木工程前瞻讲座
CIvil engineering VIsion Lecture at Tsinghua
（CIVIL@Tsinghua）
第9期、第10期
报告安排
报告题目1：
采集和利用地震数据以减轻地震灾害的一种日本方法
A Japanese Approach to Collecting and Utilizing Seismic Data for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
报告人：Masayoshi Nakashima教授
报告题目2：
考虑柱倒塌过程的既有钢筋混凝土建筑抗震性能评价
Seismic performance evaluation of existing RC buildings considering column collapse
报告人：Manabu Yoshimura教授
报告时间：10月25日 15:00~17:30
报告地点：新土木馆B200会议室
直播平台：视频号直播（搜索：清华大学土木工程系），也可关注微信公众号↓进入直播
报告人 1
Masayoshi Nakashima
日本京都大学荣休教授
报告人简介：
中岛正爱教授在日本京都大学从事结构工程教育和研究工作已数十年。他的研究领域包括钢结构的地震分析和设计以及模拟地震响应的大尺度实验技术。他指导了120多名研究生和博士后，并在期刊上发表了约250篇论文。他获得了各种研究奖项，包括ASCE Moisseiff奖、ASCE霍华德奖和EERI Housner奖。
中岛教授曾担任拥有世界上最大振动台的E-Defense设施的主任、日本建筑学会会长和国际地震工程协会会长。他还担任了《Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics》期刊的执行主编。中岛教授曾被授予各种荣誉称号，包括美国工程院院士、墨西哥工程院院士和斯洛文尼亚艺术与科学院院士。
报告摘要
日本地震频发，抗震问题一直并将持续是日本的关键问题。日本非常重视“实证主义”，即从经验中学习，通过系统地采集和分析“地震相关数据”来加强减灾措施。采集此类数据的两种最常见的方法是：实验室试验和原位监测。本讲座部分回顾了日本的数据采集方法及其在现实抗震减灾工作中的应用。
讲座的第一部分介绍了一些使用世界上最大的振动台E-Defense进行的试验。E-Defense自2004年建成以来持续投入使用，已进行了100多个大型和等比例试件的试验。本次讲座中介绍的试验包括：一对评估抗震加固有效性的木屋，一座评估医疗设施震后残余功能的钢筋混凝土隔震医院，一个模拟断裂和倒塌的钢框架，一个用于研究长周期地震动对家居空间破坏的高层结构，以及一个模拟连续倒塌的高层钢框架等。
讲座的第二部分讨论了日本抗震监测的现状，重点是地面、基础设施、建筑和机械设备的监测。已部署了4000多个传感器来测量地震动，这些传感器采集的数据已纳入2007年开始运行的地震预警系统。此外，为了铁路和电梯的地震安全，已对铁路和电梯实施了近三十年的监测。已在日本各地约1000个建筑中实施地震监测。建筑业主认识到建筑监测在为居住者提供安全保障方面的切实好处，因此自2011年日本东北地震以来这项监测工作受到了广泛关注。最后总结了建筑抗震监测的实用性以及过去十年实施过程中吸取的经验教训。
Japan is highly earthquake-prone, and earthquake disaster mitigation has been, and will continue to be, a critical national issue. Japan places strong emphasis on “positivism,” or learning from experience, by systematically collecting and analyzing "earthquake-related data" to enhance disaster mitigation measures. The two most common methods for collecting such data are: 1) laboratory testing and 2) monitoring. This lecture provides a partial review of data collection methods in Japan and their applications to real-world disaster mitigation efforts.
The first part of the lecture touches upon laboratory testing using the world’s largest shaking table, E-Defense. It has been in operation since 2004, and more than one hundred large- and full-scale specimens have been tested there. Representative tests introduced in this lecture include: a pair of wooden houses to evaluate the effectiveness of seismic retrofitting, a base-isolated RC hospital to assess the preservation of functionality in medical facilities, a steel moment frame to simulate fractures and collapse, a high-rise room to investigate the disruption of living spaces under long-period ground motion, and a high-rise steel frame to examine progressive collapse, among others.
The second part of the lecture discusses the current status of monitoring in Japan, focusing on monitoring of land, infrastructural systems, buildings, and mechanical facilities. More than 4,000 sensors have been deployed to measure ground shaking, and the data collected from these sensors have been successfully incorporated into the Earthquake Early Warning system, which began operation in 2007. Further, monitoring of railways and elevators, primarily for safety during seismic events, has been practiced for nearly three decades. Building monitoring, now implemented in approximately 1,000 structures across Japan, has gained significant attention since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, as building owners have come to recognize the tangible benefits of such monitoring in providing safety assurances to their occupants. The utilities of building monitoring and lessons learned from its implementation over the past decade are summarized.
报告人 2
Manabu Yoshimura
东京都立大学荣休教授
报告人简介：
芳村学出生于1950年，1974年毕业于东京大学工程学院建筑系。随后，他考入了该大学的研究生院，并于1976年获得硕士学位，1979年获得博士学位。
芳村教授于1979年起任职于建设部建筑研究所。于1988年成为东京都立大学的副教授，并于1997年成为教授，直至2016年退休。他的教学和研究领域是“钢筋混凝土抗震结构”。
2008年至2014年，他担任国际地震工程协会秘书长，于2018年至2020年担任日本混凝土协会会长。
报告摘要
对于延性结构，推覆分析和非线性时程分析等传统方法可以足够准确地评估其抗震性能。然而，对于老旧脆性结构，即使使用这些方法，也无法获得可靠的结果。这是因为脆性柱的峰值后力学行为是未知的。因此，通过静力试验对脆性柱在峰值后直至完全倒塌的行为进行了实验研究。
然而，在静力试验中，试件的加载出现了与地震期间实际情况不符的位移时程。为了更好地理解地震期间柱子的倒塌过程，必须考虑所谓的动力效应。振动台试验最适合此目的，但价格昂贵。因此，我们采用了拟动力试验方法。对按照日本旧规范设计的三层钢筋混凝土模拟建筑的试件进行了试验。建筑第一层的柱子被设计为会发生剪切破坏，而第二层和第三层的柱子则被设计为足够坚固，可以弹性工作。
For ductile structures, traditional methods such as pushover analysis and nonlinear time history analysis can evaluate their seismic performance with sufficient accuracy. However, for old and brittle structures, even if these methods are used, reliable results cannot be expected. This is because the post-peak behavior of brittle columns is unknown. Therefore, an experimental investigation of the post-peak behavior until collapse of brittle columns was attempted by static tests.
However, in static tests, the test specimens are loaded with a prescribed displacement history that differs from the actual situation during earthquakes. To better understand the collapse of columns during earthquakes, so-called dynamic effects must be considered. Shaking table tests are best suited for this purpose, but are expensive. Therefore, a pseudo-dynamic test method was used. Specimens simulating a three-story RC building designed by the Japanese old code were tested. The columns at the first story were designed to fail in shear, while the columns at the second and third stories were assumed to be strong enough to behave elastically.
编辑｜谢 盼
审核｜王 菲
来源：清华大学土木工程系
