Inferior vena cava
下腔静脉
Also known as the posterior vena cava, it is a large diameter vein that is located posterior to the abdominal cavity and runs alongside of the right side of the vertebral column thus making it a retroperitoneal structure.
下腔静脉也称后腔静脉，是一条位于腹腔后的大直径静脉，它沿着脊柱的右侧走行，因此是腹膜后结构。
The aorta lies laterally on the left of the IVC. That is a lot to take in, so, let’s review it.
主动脉位于 IVC 左外侧。这需要特别注意，我们来回顾一下。
The IVC is posterior to the abdominal cavity. It is on the right side of the aorta laterally. It is posterior to the abdominal cavity. It is a retroperitoneal structure.
IVC 在腹腔后，主动脉的右外侧。它位于腹腔后，是腹膜后结构。
Embryologically, the IVC is formed by the confluence of the left and right common iliac veins at the L5 vertebral level. It connects with the azygos vein system running along the right side of the vertebral column and the venous plexuses next to the spinal cord.
从胚胎学上讲，IVC 由 L5 椎骨水平的左右髂总静脉汇合形成。它与沿脊柱右侧走行的奇静脉系统和脊髓旁的静脉丛连接。
There are other veins that drain into the IVC along its course before it passes through the diaphragm at the caval hiatus at the T8 level. The IVC has a short intra-thoracic course before draining into the right atrium from the lower, backside of the heart.
沿着 IVC 的走行，在穿过 T8 水平腔静脉裂孔处的横膈膜前，也有其他静脉流入 IVC。在从心脏的下背面流入右心房前，IVC 在胸内短暂走行。
Let’s now review the specific anatomical levels of the branches connected to the IVC.
现在，我们回顾一下与 IVC 相连的具体分支。
They are the: Hepatic veins that is seen now highlighted in green on this image and the inferior phrenic vein.
它们是肝静脉（如图像上的绿色部分所示）和膈下静脉。
The right suprarenal vein seen here highlighted, the renal veins and the right gonadal vein.
右肾上腺静脉（见突出显示部分），肾静脉和右性腺静脉。
The lumbar veins which we can now see highlighted in green from a posterior view and the common iliac veins.
腰静脉（如后视图中的绿色突出部分所示）和髂总静脉。
The IVC is one of the two large veins by which blood is returned from the body to the right side of the heart.
IVC 是血液从身体返回到心脏右侧的两大静脉之一。
After circulating through the body systematically, deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of the heart either through the superior vena cava, which drains the upper body, or the IVC that drains everything below the diaphragm including the lower trunk, abdomen, pelvic and lower limbs.
经过体循环后，脱氧血液通过上腔静脉或 IVC 返回到心脏右心房；上腔静脉收集上半身的静脉血，IVC 收集横膈膜下的结构，如下躯干、腹腔、盆腔和下肢的静脉血。
相关单词学习
Suprarenal
①发音和释义
su•pra•re•nal/ˌsuːprəˈriːnəl/adj. 肾上腺的
Situated above or on the kidney.
单词 suprarenal 由下列成分构成
supra-（前缀）在上
+
renal 肾脏的
（图源：太帅图库）
Retroperitoneal
ret·ro·per·i·to·ne·al/ˌretroʊˌperɪtn'i:əl/adj. 腹膜后的
External or posterior to the peritoneum.
单词 retroperitoneal 由下列成分构成
retro-（后缀）后，向后
+
peritoneal 腹膜的
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