Superior Vena Cava
上腔静脉
The superior vena cava, also known as the cava, is a short but large-diameter vein located in the anterior right superior mediastinum. In this tutorial, we will refer to it as the SVC.
上腔静脉，也是腔静脉，是一条短粗的静脉，位于右前上纵膈。在这个教程中，我们将上腔静脉简称为SVC。
You can see now, on this image of the anterior view opened thorax, the SVC highlighted in green.
你现在可以看到，在这个打开的胸腔前视图图像上，绿色高亮区域就是 SVC。
Embryologically, the SVC is formed by the left and right brachiocephalic veins, sometimes called the innominate veins, which also received blood from the upper limbs, eyes, and neck. There is no valve that divides the SVC from the right atrium.
从胚胎学上讲，SVC 由左右头臂静脉形成，有时称为无名静脉，它也接受来自上肢、眼睛和颈部的血液。SVC 与右心房之间没有瓣膜。
This atrium conducts blood from right atrial and right ventricular contractions upwards into the internal jugular vein which is measured as the jugular venous pressure and into the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
心房将右心房和右心室收缩泵送的血液，向上输送到颈内静脉（颈静脉压测量部位），然后进入胸锁乳突肌。
Positionally, the SVC begins behind the lower border of the 1st right costal cartilage and descends vertically behind the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces to drain into the right atrium at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage.
从位置上讲，SVC 起自右侧第 1 肋软骨下缘后，垂直下降到第 2 和第 3 肋间隙后，引流到第 3 肋软骨水平的右心房。
Its lower half is covered by the fibrous pericardium which is pierced by the SVC at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage.
SVC 下半部分被纤维心包覆盖，它在第 2 肋软骨水平穿过纤维心包。
The SVC is one of the 2 large veins by which blood is returned from the body to the right side of the heart.
SVC 是血液从身体回流到心脏右侧的两条大静脉之一。
After circulating through the body systematically, deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of the heart through either the SVC which drains the upper body or the inferior vena cava (IVC) that drains everything below the diaphragm.
经过全身循环后，脱氧血液通过 SVC （接受上半身的静脉血液回流）或下腔静脉（接受膈肌以下的静脉血液）返回心脏的右心房。
相关单词学习
Mediastinum
①发音和释义
me•di•as•ti•num/ˌmiːdɪəˈstaɪnəm/纵隔，中隔
A median septum or partition between two parts of an organ, or paired cavities of the body.
单词 mediastinum 的复数形式 mediastina
（图源：太帅图库）
Sternocleidomastoid
ster•no•clei•do•mas•toid/'stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid/adj. 胸锁乳突的
Of, pertaining to, or involving the sternum, the clavicle, and the mastoid process.
单词 sternocleidomastoid 由下列成分构成
sterno- 胸骨
+
clavicle 锁骨
+
mastoid 乳头状的；乳突的
（图源：太帅图库）
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