午餐講座系列
✦ LUNCHEON SEMINAR
2024/2025
第一學期
✦
講座信息
時間：9月17日（周二）13:00
地點：E21B-G002
語言：英文
內容摘要
新冠疫情之後，信任成為一個重要的概念。當公眾對政府當局信任度較高時，政府在獲取公眾合作方面更為成功。新冠疫情突顯了合作的重要性：並不是所有的預防性行為都可以被強制要求。公眾需要主動採取個人衛生措施，並隨時掌握有關病毒的最新信息。同時，公眾也需要在檢測和隔離措施上表現出責任感。隨著對信任問題興趣增加，公眾對當局的不信任問題也引起了關注。不信任究竟是信任的對立面，還是另一維度？這一討論仍在繼續。
在本研究中，我運用動機姿態理論闡明信任與不信任之間的關係。在動機姿態理論框架下，政府當局中的信任和不信任不是靜態的概念，而是動態的「信任-可信度螺旋」的一部分。信任螺旋的上升或下降受到信任規範及其是否得到遵守或破壞的影響。這裡的信任規範是一種共享的社會共識，即我們必須做什麼才能成為值得信任的人，並獲得他人的信任（Braithwaite, 1998a）。它的作用機制是這樣的：我是否違反了信任規範？我能做些什麼來彌補這一違約？當信任規範被違反時，信任螺旋下降；當關係得以修復時，螺旋上升。在動機姿態理論中，當局與公眾之間的動態關係通過屈從和抵抗的姿態表現出來。然而，有時「信任-可信度」關係會不可輓回地破裂。這種狀態通過對信任規範的拒絕以及遊戲化和脫離的動機姿態來衡量。遊戲化和脫離的姿態代表了與政府的不信任，這種姿態下的公眾最不可能對政府修復關係的舉措做出響應。
Trust has emerged as an important concept in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments had most success in eliciting cooperation from the public when trust in authorities was high. The COVID-19 pandemic shone a light on the importance of cooperation: Not all precautionary behaviours could be made mandatory. The public needed to take the initiative with personal hygiene and stay up to date with the latest information about the virus. The public also needed to act responsibly with testing and isolation measures. With increasing interest in trust has come an interest in distrust in public authorities. Debate continues about whether distrust is the opposite of trust or a different dimension. In this paper, I use motivational posturing theory to shed light on the relationship between trust and distrust.
Within a motivational posturing framework, trust and distrust in government authorities are not static concepts but are parts of a dynamic trust-trustworthiness spiral. The up and down spiral is activated by trust norms and whether they are honoured or breached. Trust norms are shared social understandings of what we must do to be trustworthy and have others gift their trust to us (Braithwaite, 1998a). A trust norm acts in this way: Did I breach a trust norm? What can I do to repair the breach? The trust-trustworthiness spiral goes down with a breach and then goes up as the relationship is repaired. The dynamic relationship between authorities and the public is represented in motivational posturing theory by the postures of capitulation and resistance. Sometimes, however, the trust-trustworthiness relationship breaks irreparably. This state is measured through rejection of trust norms and motivational postures of gameplaying and disengagement. Postures of gameplaying and disengagement represent distrust as a severed relationship with government. Postures of gameplaying and disengagement are least likely to be responsive to government authorities offering to repair the relationship.
講者簡介
Prof. Valerie Braithwaite
Valerie Braithwaite是澳大利亞國立大學（ANU）監管與全球治理學院（RegNet，前身為監管機構網絡）的榮休教授，也是RegNet的創始人之一（與John Braithwaite共同創立）。Valerie的研究領域包括人類服務監管——老年護理、工作健康與安全、社會福利、兒童保護和教育等的監管，以及負責支付這些服務的系統的監管——稅收。她的工作重點在於監管者與被監管者之間如何互動、如何實現合規，以及何時會出現反抗行為。Valerie還在兒童保護、社會科學和心理學領域有著卓越的學術背景，為參考小組做出了不可替代的貢獻，幫助其制定審查建議。迄今為止，Valerie已（合作）撰寫了超過150篇文章或書籍章節，並出版了11本書籍。她在Google學術的引用次數已達到16,000次。
此外，Valerie還曾擔任澳大利亞及海外的監管政策顧問。她為政府進行過兩次高等教育評估：一次是與Kwong Lee Dow共同進行的高等教育評審，另一次是對《2011年國家職業教育與培訓監管法》（NVETR法）的評審，即2018年的《質量聚焦報告》。目前，Valerie正在擔任設計新《老年護理法》監管框架的專家顧問小組成員，並是澳大利亞技能質量局顧問委員會的成員。
Valerie Braithwaite is an Emeritus Professor in the School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet, formerly the Regulatory Institutions Network) at the Australian National University (ANU). She is also the founder (with John Braithwaite) of RegNet. She researches human services regulation – the regulation of aged care, work health and safety, social welfare, child protection and education, as well as the regulation of the system that pays for these services – taxation. Her work has focused on how regulators and regulates engage with each other, how compliance is achieved, and when defiance emerges. Valerie also brings an outstanding academic record in child protection, social sciences and psychology to the Reference Group, which makes an invaluable contribution to shaping the Review recommendations. So far, Valerie has (co-)authored more than 150 articles/chapters and 11 books. Her Google citations have reached 16,000.
Valerie has served as an advisor on regulatory policy in Australia and overseas. She has conducted two reviews of tertiary education for the government, one with Kwong Lee Dow on higher education, the other being a review of the National Vocational Education and Training Regulator Act 2011 (the NVETR Act) – “All Eyes on Quality Report” in 2018. Valerie is currently serving on the Expert Advisory Panel for designing the regulatory framework for the new Aged Care Act and is a member of the Advisory Council for the Australian Skills Quality Authority.
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