【文献快递】立体定向放射外科治疗海绵状血管畸形:它能战胜自然史吗?
文摘
健康
2024-11-09 05:00
上海
《Journal of Neurosurgery》 2022年9月2日在线发表英国 University of Liverpool,的Basel A Taweel, Cathal J Hannan, Emmanuel Chavredakis等撰写的《给编辑的信。立体定向放射外科治疗海绵状血管畸形:它能战胜自然史吗?Letter to the Editor. Stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous malformations: does it beat the natural history?》(doi: 10.3171/2022.5.JNS22904. )。我们怀着极大的兴趣阅读了Karaaslan等的文章,文章中他们报告关于立体定向放射外科(SRS)治疗脑海绵状血管畸形(CMs)对年度出血率(AHR)效果的的研究的发现(Karaaslan B, Gülsuna B,Erol G, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformation: comparison of hemorrhage rates before and after stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg. 2022;136[3]:655-661)。首先,我们祝贺作者通过长期随访,从CM患者的大队列中收集了大量的数据,并利用这些数据试图回答历史上有争议的问题,即SRS治疗CM是否安全有效。Karaaslan等人报道的这项研究纳入了195名在他们中心接受SRS治疗的CM患者。作者报告说,在这些患者中,SRS治疗前的AHR为15.3%,治疗后的AHR为2.6%,AHR显著降低,他们得出结论,SRS对于降低CM患者的AHR既安全又有效。作者通过在SRS治疗前平均25.42个月的积极随访期间观察CM继发性出血的数量来检查SRS治疗前的AHR。在他们的文章中,基于对SRS患者平均67.48个月的随访,他们同样报告了SRS治疗后的出血率。乍一看(While at a first glance this ),AHR的降低可能被解释为SRS所致,关键是,本文描述的大多数患者表现为CM出血(118/195例,60.5%),尽管作者通过在分析中忽略初始出血纠正了潜在的高估,但这种出血表现的趋势可能会混淆他们的分析和解释结果(although the authors have corrected for a potential overestimation by omitting the initial hemorrhage from their analysis, this trend in hemorrhagic presentation may confound the analysis and interpretation of their findings. )。之前的研究,包括Barker等人的研究(Barker FG II, Amin-Hanjani S, Butler WE, et al. Temporal clustering of hemorrhages from untreated cavernous malformations of the central nervous system. Neurosurgery.2001;49(1):15-25.)强调了CM出血的性质,在初次出血后2 - 3年往往发生有时间性的丛集(have highlighted the nature of CM hemorrhages, in that they tend to occur in temporal clusters spanning 2 to 3 years after the initial hemorrhage)。这一发现表明,对于Karaaslan等人报道的大多数研究患者来说,在跨度为SRS治疗前的随访期,最初的出血预示着后续的丛集性出血(his finding presents a likelihood that for the majority of the study patients reported by Karaaslan et al. the initial hemorrhages heralded a subsequent cluster of hemorrhages spanning the length of the pre-SRS follow-up.)。没有对照组进行比较,很难得出观察到的由于SRS治疗使得AHR降低的结论,因为这种降低可能代表着观察到的自然回归均值(Without a control group for comparison, it is difficult to conclude that the observed reduction in AHR was due to SRS, because this reduction may instead represent an observation of natural regression to the mean)。Karaaslan等人也对CM的病因进行了评论,指出大多数CM被认为是先天性的。他们还报道了CM的AHR从出生时的观察期开始,其结果AHR为2.2%。然而,他们文章的图2显示了从初次就诊时算出的AHR(15.3%),并与SRS治疗后的比率(2.6%)进行了比较,从而表明作者在他们的结论中报告了明显的风险降低,同时忽略了出生时的AHR和治疗后的AHR的比较。最后,在安全性方面,作者报告了15.4%的患者发生一过性与辐射相关的并发症,4.6%的患者发生永久性副反应。他们认为SRS治疗CM患者是安全的。然而,注意到Karaaslan等人在上述研究中的并发症发生率,我们等待CARE试验(Salman R, Wade J, Harkness K, et al. Cavernomas A Randomised Effectiveness (CARE) pilot trial, to address the effectiveness of active treatment (with neurosurgery or stereotactic radiosurgery) versus conservative management in people with symptomatic brain cavernoma. National Institute for Health and Care Research. Accessed July 29, 2022. https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/hta/NIHR128694/#)的结果来前瞻性地阐明SRS干预CM的安全性和有效性。