Sensationalism
煽情主义是大众媒体经常会采用的一种策略，会使用一些夸张的图片和刺激性的语言来引起公众的兴趣，博人眼球。把一些本来无关紧要的事件报道成会对社会产生重大影响的事件，或者把有新闻价值的话题以非常浓缩且有偏见的形式进行报道；违背专业新闻的一般标准。
African American newspapers in the 1930s faced many hardships. For instance, knowing that buyers of African American papers also bought general-circulation papers, advertisers of consumer products often ignored African American publications. It also made the selling price of Black papers much higher than that of general-circulation dailies.African American publishers often felt compelled to print a disproportionate amount of sensationalism, sports, and society news to boost circulation.
Empiricism
答案
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Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments, rather than innate ideas or traditions.
“经验主义”强调的是实验的观察和记录（客观性），而非直觉看法或者传统惯例。
思路
Realism
艺术和文学领域的“现实主义”就是要准确的描述，甚至牺牲美感。现实主义就是写实，就像相机一般拍下的画面，表现生活真实的艺术，用忠实于对象的手法描写自己眼界所及的事物。
In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Dutch paintings as direct reflections of reality. The paintings were discussed as an index of the democracy of a society that chose to represent its classes, actions, and occupations exactly as they were; wide-ranging realism was seen as the great accomplishment of Dutch art. However, the achievement of more recent study of Dutch art has been the recovery of the fact that the “realistic” paintings are more than depictions of daily life. They are, of course, that too, but it has now become clear that such paintings are to be taken as symbolizing mortality, the transience of earthly life, and the power of God, and as messages that range from the mildly moralizing to the firmly didactic.
Romanticism
“浪漫主义”与我们刚说的“现实主义”同为文学和艺术上的两大主要思潮。但是与现实主义不同，浪漫主义侧重从主观内心世界出发，抒发对理想世界的热烈追求，常用热情奔放的语言、瑰丽的想象和夸张的手法来塑造形象。
Jane Austen’s relationship to Romanticism has long been a vexed one. Although her dates (1775-1817) place her squarely within the period, she traditionally has been studied apart from the male poets whose work defined British Romanticism for most of the twentieth century. In the past her novels were thought to follow an Augustan mode at odds with the Romantic ethos. Recently, three books have appeared (by Clara Tuite, William Galperin, and William Deresiewicz) that in various ways treat Austen as a Romantic writer and together signal a shift in the tendency to segregate the major novelist of the age from the major poets. The present essay seeks to contribute to this goal of firmly integrating Austen within the Romantic movement and canon.
Naturalism
在文学领域中，自然主义和现实主义也很类似，但是自然主义更加强调“determinism”（决定论：人的意愿甚至行为都是由环境和自然规律决定的。因此，自由意志并不像我们所想的那么自有。说白了就是，一切都是命…)
African American drama has, until recently, been rooted in the mimetic tradition of modern American naturalism. The most distinctive attribute of this tradition is the mechanistic, materialistic conception of humanity. Naturalism sees each individual as inextricably bound to the environment and depicts each person as someone controlled by, instead of controlling, concrete reality.
