心脑血管疾病是全球范围内导致死亡的主要原因之一,共占全球死亡人数的21.6%(每年34万人)[1]。在西方社会,动脉粥样硬化和相关心血管疾病仍然是最常见的死亡和发病原因,超过10%的心血管死亡被认为是由吸烟引起的[2]。许多流行病学研究已经对吸烟与动脉粥样硬化之间的关联进行了研究,很明显,吸烟会增加心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率,包括基于动脉粥样硬化的缺血性心脏病和脑血管病[3-4]。动脉粥样硬化、动脉血栓形成的机制及其作为吸烟引起的心血管疾病的临床表现已被广泛研究,但仍然只是部分理解。
作者:郑刚 泰达国际心血管病医院
铁沉淀也可由香烟烟雾引起[12],并可能导致动脉粥样硬化[13]。香烟烟雾促进血小板活化,促进血小板聚集和黏附到内皮损伤部位。此外,它激活基质金属蛋白酶(MMP),从而促进易损斑块的形成和破裂[6]。这些多方面的过程突显了吸烟对内皮功能、炎症和血栓形成的不利影响,表明了戒烟对心血管健康的重要性。本文重点介绍了吸烟引起的动脉粥样硬化形成和进展的关键过程,包括内皮功能障碍和损伤、炎症的诱导以及动脉粥样硬化区域和循环向促凝状态的转变,同时介绍了该领域的最新研究。
郑刚 教授
•现任泰达国际心血管病医院特聘专家,济兴医院副院长
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