编者按:新年伊始,《生命科学》编辑部联合中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所生命科学信息中心(生命健康科技智库)情报团队推出“生命与健康领域年度盘点”系列专刊,基于情报团队对相关领域的监测与梳理,旨在为相关决策、科学研究及产业发展等提供咨询和参考。本期主要对生命健康、脑科学与类脑智能、合成生物学、精准医学、再生医学、衰老生物学、临床医学、营养健康、慢性病防控、新药研发、基因治疗、免疫细胞治疗、数字健康等领域2022年的研究进展和发展态势进行汇总分析。各主题陆续推出,敬请您的宝贵意见和建议。
导 读
临床医学研究是连接基础研究和医学实践,实现成果转化和产品应用的关键环节。2022年,人工智能提升了临床医学研究效率,组学技术驱动了精准医学策略的发展,先进治疗药物领域取得较大突破。随着肿瘤、神经系统疾病、代谢系统疾病等领域研究重点的变化,真实世界研究和临床研究多样性获得更多关注,国际组织和监管机构对新技术研究及应用的伦理问题提出更具体的指导意见和监管要求。本文总结了2022年全球临床医学的主要研究进展与特点,展望了未来的发展前景,及其从“碎片式研究”到“高通量研究”到“定制化研究”的发展方向。
袁天蔚1,李丹丹1,张学博1,刘 晓1,阮梅花1,朱成姝1, 张丽雯1*,黄 鑫2*
(1中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所,中国科学院上海生命科学信息中心,上海 200031;2中国生物技术发展中心,北京 100039)
[i] 临床医学研究论文的检索基于Web of Science-Medline数据库,根据医学主题词(MeSH)进行分类,包括药物及非药物治疗(Drug Therapy、non-Drug Therapy)、病理(Pathology)、诊断(Diagnosis)、流行病学(Epidemiology)、病因(Etiology)、预防(Prevention Control)、康复(Rehabilitation)等相关研究论文。
[ii] 检索时间:2023年1月10日,由于数据库更新等原因,2022年数据仅供参考
[参 考 文 献]
[1] 殷环, 陈娟, 严舒, 等. 我国国家临床研究网络组织结构研究. 科技管理研究, 2018, 38: 110-4
[2] 戴维・罗伯逊, 戈登H.威廉姆斯. 临床与转化医学: 研究基本原则[M]. 李宁, 时占祥, 译. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2015
[3] 袁天蔚, 李萍萍, 李苏宁, 等. 中国临床医学研究发展现状与未来展望. 中国临床医学, 2019, 26: 673-8
[4] 吴家睿. 21世纪生物医学的三个主要发展趋势. 生命科学, 2022, 34: 1327-35
[5] 许丽, 徐萍, 苏燕, 等. 人口健康领域科技进展与趋势分析. 世界科技研究与发展, 2019, 41: 416-28
[6] Catherine Gregor. 4 trends in clinical research you need to know about from ACRP 2022 [EB/OL]. (2022-10-13)[2023-01-10]. https://florencehc.com/learn/blog-posts/4-trends-in-clinical-research-you-need-to-know-about-from-acrp-2022
[7] Office for Human Research Protections. IRB considerations on the use of artificial intelligence in human subjects research [EB/OL]. (2022-10-19)[2023-01-15]. https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sachrp-committee/recommendations/irb-considerations-use-artificial-intelligence-human-subjects-research/index.html
[8] 郝瑀然. 《“十四五”国家临床专科能力建设规划》解读[EB/OL]. (2021-10-18)[2023-01-15]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-10/18/content_5643490.htm
[9] Erickson BJ, Korfiatis P, Akkus Z, et al. Machine learning for medical imaging. Radiographics, 2017, 37: 505-15
[10] 袁天蔚, 薛淮, 杨靖, 等. 从战略规划与科技布局看国内外人工智能医学应用的发展现状. 生命科学, 2022, 34: 974-82
[11] Giannakopoulos P, Montandon ML, Herrmann FR, et al. Alzheimer resemblance atrophy index, BrainAGE, and normal pressure hydrocephalus score in the prediction of subtle cognitive decline: added value compared to existing MR imaging markers. Eur Radiol, 2022, 32: 7833-42
[12] StartUs Insights. 8 clinical trial trends in 2023 [EB/OL]. (2022-12-03)[2023-01-10]. https://www.startus-insights.com/innovators-guide/clinical-trial-trends/#:~:text=Top%208%20Clinical%20Trial%20Trends%20in%202023%201,and%20exchange%20data.%20...%208%208.%20Blockchain%20
[13] Alabed S, Alandejani F, Dwivedi K, et al. Validation of artificial intelligence cardiac MRI measurements: relationship to heart catheterization and mortality prediction. Radiology, 2022, 305: 68-79
[14] Kuo MD, Chiu KWH, Wang DS, et al. Multi-center validation of an artificial intelligence system for detection of COVID-19 on chest radiographs in symptomatic patients. Eur Radiol, 2023, 33: 23-33
[15] Zhang, J, Du, Y, Zhou, P, et al. Predicting unseen antibodies’ neutralizability via adaptive graph neural networks. Nat Mach Intell, 2022, 4: 964-76
[16] 詹显全. 多组学研究推进精准医学发展[N/OL]. 中国科学报, 2019-04-29
[17] Zhang F, Zhang Q, Zhu J, et al. Integrated proteogenomic characterization across major histological types of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Cell Res, 2022, 32: 1047-67
[18] Buergel T, Steinfeldt J, Ruyoga G, et al. Metabolomic profiles predict individual multidisease outcomes. Nat Med, 2022, 28: 2309-20
[19] Park J, Kim J, Lewy T, et al. Spatial omics technologies at multimodal and single cell/subcellular level. Genome Biol, 2022, 23: 1-19
[20] Bhatia HS, Brunner AD, Öztürk F, et al. Spatial proteomics in three-dimensional intact specimens. Cell, 2022,185: 5040-58
[21] Oslin DW, Lynch KG, Shih MC, et al. Effect of pharmacogenomic testing for drug-gene interactions on medication selection and remission of symptoms in major depressive disorder: the PRIME Care Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2022, 328: 151-61
[22] Foy SP, Jacoby K, Bota DA, et al. Non-viral precision T cell receptor replacement for personalized cell therapy. Nature, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05531-1
[23] Qiu Y, O'Neill N, Maffei B, et al. On-demand cell-autonomous gene therapy for brain circuit disorders. Science, 2022, 378: 523-32
[24] Keam SJ. Eladocagene exuparvovec: first approval. Drugs, 2022, 82: 1427-32
[25] Guide SV, Gonzalez ME, Bağcı IS, et al. Trial of beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC) for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. N Engl J Med, 2022, 387: 2211-9
[26] Baloh RH, Johnson JP, Avalos P, et al. Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF into the spinal cord of patients with ALS: a phase 1/2a trial. Nat Med, 2022, 28: 1813-22
[27] Mackensen A, Müller F, Mougiakakos D, et al. Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Med, 2022, 28: 2124-32
[28] IQVIA Institute. Global oncology trends 2021: outlook to 2025 [EB/OL]. (2021-06-03)[2023-01-12]. https://www.iqvia.com/insights/the-iqvia-institute/reports/global-oncology-trends-2021
[29] WIRB-WCG. Clinical research trends & insights for 2022 [EB/OL]. (2022-01-24)[2023-01-12]. https://www.wcgclinical.com/clinical-research-trends-insights-for-2022/
[30] WIRB-WCG. Clinical research trends & insights for 2023[EB/OL]. (2023-01-12)[2023-01-12]. https://www.wcgclinical.com/clinical-research-trends-insights-for-2023/
[31] Rubio Herrera MA, Bretón Lesmes I. Obesity in the COVID era: a global health challenge. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed), 2021, 68: 123-9
[32] Rachel ESh, Steven AA, Gerald JDP, et al. Real-world evidence--what is it and what can it tell us? N Engl J Med, 2016, 375: 2293-7
[33] Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Use of real-world evidence to support regulatory decision-making for medical devices [EB/OL]. (2018-09-17)[2023-01-12] https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/use-real-world-evidence-support-regulatory-decision-making-medical-devices
[34] Argnani L, Broccoli A, Pellegrini C, et al. Real-world outcomes of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with polatuzumab vedotin-based therapy. Hemasphere, 2022, 6: e798
[35] Bachy E, Le Gouill S, Di Blasi R, et al. A real-world comparison of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Nat Med, 2022, 28: 2145-54
[36] Wong CKH, Au ICH, Lau KTK, et al. Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir against mortality, hospitalisation, and in-hospital outcomes among community-dwelling, ambulatory patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron wave in Hong Kong: an observational study. Lancet, 2022, 400: 1213-22
[37] The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Improving representation in clinical trials and research: building research equity for women and underrepresented groups [M]. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2022
[38] Diversifying clinical trials. Nat Med, 2018, 24: 1779
[39] FDA. Enhancing the diversity of clinical trial populations--eligibility criteria, enrollment practices, and trial designs guidance for industry [EB/OL]. (2020-11-13)[2023-01-12]. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/enhancing-diversity-clinical-trial-populations-eligibility-criteria-enrollment-practices-and-trial
[40] FDA. Diversity plans to improve enrollment of participants from underrepresented racial and ethnic populations in clinical trials; draft guidance for industry; Availability [EB/OL]. (2022-04-13)[2023-01-12]. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/diversity-plans-improve-enrollment-participants-underrepresented-racial-and-ethnic-populations
[41] Boden-Albala B. Confronting legacies of underrepresentation in clinical trials: The case for greater diversity in research. Neuron, 2022, 110: 746-8
[42] 范月蕾, 王慧媛, 姚远, 等. 趋势观察: 生命科学领域伦理治理现状与趋势. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36: 1381-7
[43] 隗冰芮, 薛鹏, 江宇, 等. 世界卫生组织《医疗卫生中人工智能的伦理治理》指南及对中国的启示. 中华医学杂志, 2022, 102: 833-7
[44] Lovell-Badge R, Anthony E, Barker RA, et al. ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation: The 2021 update. Stem Cell Rep, 2021, 16: 1398-408
[45] 周萍, 李昂, 李欣, 等. 干细胞研究与临床应用的伦理规范与监管. 上海预防医学, 2022, 34: 1053-7
[46] FDA. Considerations for the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell products [EB/OL]. (2022-03-21)[2023-01-16]. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/considerations-development-chimeric-antigen-receptor-car-t-cell-products
[47] FDA. Human gene therapy products incorporating human genome editing [EB/OL]. (2022-03-21)[2023-01-16]. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/human-gene-therapy-products-incorporating-human-genome-editing
[48] 新华社. 中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于加强科技伦理治理的意见》[EB/OL]. (2022-03-20)[2023-01-13]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-03/20/content_5680105.htm
[49] de Jong AJ, van Rijssel TI, Zuidgeest MGP, et al. Opportunities and challenges for decentralized clinical trials: European regulators' perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2022, 112: 344-52
《生命科学》是由中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所主办,国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部和中国科学院生命科学和医学学部共同指导的综合性学术期刊。1988年创刊,原刊名为《生物学信息》内部发行;1992年起更名为《生命科学》,公开发行CN31-1600/Q,大16开,96页。本刊是“中文核心期刊” “中国科技核心期刊” “中国科学引文数据库来源期刊(CSCD)”。