导 读
脑机接口是人脑与计算机或其他电子设备之间建立的直接交流与控制通道。由于其战略重要性,脑机接口已经成为各国战略布局的重点。本文简要介绍了脑机接口领域的发展历程,重点从战略布局、科研进展与产业应用等角度系统梳理了2023 年该领域的最新进展,并展望未来发展趋势。2023 年,神经编解码算法、神经探针与芯片等脑机接口领域核心技术取得重要进展,功能性超声脑机接口等新型脑机接口不断涌现,应用领域已经从医疗扩展到科研、娱乐等领域,重要企业取得多项里程碑进展。未来,脑机接口硬件将向小型化、高通量、柔性化发展,编解码效率和质量将大幅度提升,促进脑机接口功能从替换和恢复向改善、补充和增强转变,应用领域将进一步拓展。随着脑机接口的广泛应用,其伦理安全问题将受到重视。
阮梅花1,张丽雯1, 凌婕凡2 ,袁天蔚1,张学博1,朱成姝1,傅 璐3,韩 雪3,熊 燕1*
(1 中国科学院上海生命科学信息中心,中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所,上海 200031;2 上海脑虎科技有限公司,上海 201107;3 中国神经科学学会,上海 200032)
基金项目:中国科学技术协会“我国脑机接口产业技术路线图研究”项目(2022XKFZYJ003);中国科学院文献情报能力建设专项(E3290422)子课题“生命科学与健康领域科技态势分析与服务”
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阮梅花,中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所生命科学信息中心研究员,主持上海市科委软科学项目“上海脑科学技术预见研究”等4 个项目,参与国家科技部、自然科学基金委、中国科协、中国科学院等来源项目20 多项,近年来重点围绕脑科学与类脑智能、慢病防控与健康促进、RNA 研究与健康领域开展战略情报研究,为国家和地区相关科技发展和政策管理提供决策参考。
熊燕,中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所生命科学信息中心研究员,主持和参与国家自然科学基金委- 中国科学院学部“合成生物学发展战略研究”、国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项“合成生物学生物安全研究”等项目,参与中国科学技术协会“神经科学学科方向预测及技术路线图”、“我国脑机接口产业技术路线图研究”等项目,为国家和区域科技发展和政策管理提供决策参考。
《生命科学》是由中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所主办,国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部和中国科学院生命科学和医学学部共同指导的综合性学术期刊。1988年创刊,原刊名为《生物学信息》内部发行;1992年起更名为《生命科学》,公开发行CN31-1600/Q,大16开,96页。本刊是“中文核心期刊” “中国科技核心期刊” “中国科学引文数据库来源期刊(CSCD)”。