白露 | 用英语讲好中国文化——合八学子争做文化传播小使者

白露时节，秋风带来温度降低的同时，把空气中的水分也吹干了，这种干燥的气候特点称为“秋燥”，白露的气候特点就是干燥。据《月令七十二候集解》对“白露”的诠释——“水土湿气凝而为露，秋属金，金色白，白者露之色，而气始寒也”。“白露”代表着暑热的结束，也代表着清冷的开始。至此，万物也随寒气生长、成熟。“八月秋风阵阵凉，一场薄露一场霜。”如果说处暑节气代表着暑气退散，那么白露节气的到来则表示大地已经迎接来了凉爽的仲秋，而在季节转化过程中，丰收的秋季带给了人们丰富多样的食物以及民俗。

During the white dew season, the autumn wind brings a decrease in temperature and blows away the moisture in the air. This dry climate is characterised by "autumn dryness", and the climate of white dew is characterised by dryness. According to the interpretation of "white dew" in the "Moon Order Seventy-two" - "Water, soil, moisture and moisture condense into dew, autumn is gold, golden white, white is the colour of dew, and the air begins to be cold." " "Bai Lu" represents the end of the heat and the beginning of the cold. So far, everything grows and matures with the cold. In August, the autumn wind is cool, and a thin dew and a frost. If the summer solar term represents the retreat of summer, the arrival of the white dew solar term means that the earth has welcomed a cool mid-autumn, and in the process of seasonal transformation, the autumn of the harvest brings people a rich variety of food and folk customs.

白露气候特征

白露前后，夏日残留的暑气逐渐消失，天地的阴气上升扩散，天气渐渐转凉，清晨的露水日益加厚，在草叶面上凝结成一层白白的水滴，这也是“白露”名由之一。植物开始有露水进入白露节气后，夏季风逐步被冬季风所代替，冷空气转守为攻，暖空气逐渐退避三舍。冷空气分批南下，往往带来一定范围的降温幅度。人们爱用“白露秋风夜，一夜凉一夜”的谚语来形容气温下降速度加快的情形。

Before and after the white dew, the remaining summer heat gradually disappeared, the yin of heaven and earth rose and spread, and the weather gradually turned cold. The dew in the morning became thicker and thickened, and condensed into a white drop of water on the grass leaves, which is also one of the reasons why "white dew". After the plants began to have dew into the white dew solar term, the summer wind was gradually replaced by the winter wind, the cold air turned into an attack, and the warm air gradually retreated. Cold air goes south in batches, often bringing a certain range of cooling ranges. People like to use the proverb "white dew autumn wind night, cool overnight" to describe the accelerated temperature drop.

白露民俗

01 收清露 Collect clear dew

中国民间在白露节气有“收清露”的习俗，明朝李时珍的《本草纲目》上记载：“秋露繁时，以盘收取，煎如饴，令人延年不饥。“百草头上秋露，未唏时收取，愈百病，止消渴，令人身轻不饥，肌肉悦泽。”“百花上露，令人好颜色”。因此，收清露成为白露最特别的一种“仪式”。

Chinese people have the custom of "collecting clear dew" in the white dew solar term. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty records: "When the autumn dew is prosperous, it is collected on a plate and fried like a glut, which makes people not get hungry for a long time." The autumn dew on the head of Baicao is collected before it is sooating. It can cure all diseases and quench thirst. It makes people feel light and not hungry, and the muscles are happy. Hundreds of flowers are exposed, which is a good colour. Therefore, collecting clear dew has become the most special "ritual" of white dew.

02 祭禹王Sacrifice to King Yu

禹王是传说中治水英雄大禹，太湖畔渔民称为“水路之神”。每年正月初八、清明、七月初七和白露时节，部分地区要举行祭禹王的香会。其中又以清明、白露春秋两祭规模为最大，历时一周。

King Yu is the legendary water control hero Dayu, and the fishermen on the Taihu Lake are called the "god of waterways". Every year on the eighth day of the first lunar month, the seventh day of the first lunar month, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month and the white dew, some areas will hold incense meetings to worship King Yu. Among them, the Qingming Festival, Bailu Spring and Autumn Festivals are the largest, which lasted for a week.

03 吃龙眼Eat longan

民间有个传统习俗叫“白露必吃龙眼”，意思是在白露这一天吃龙眼有大补身体的奇效。因为龙眼本身就有益气补脾、养血安神、润肤美容等多种功效，还可以治疗贫血、失眠、神经衰弱等多种疾病。

There is a folk custom called "white dew must eat longan", which means that eating longan on the day of white dew has a wonderful effect of nourishing the body. Because longan itself is beneficial to qi and spleen, nourishing blood and calming the mind, moisturising and beauty, and can also treat anaemia, insomnia, neurasthenia and other diseases.

04 白露茶Bailu Tea

民间有“春茶苦，夏茶涩，要喝茶，秋白露”的说法，此时的茶树经过夏季的酷热，白露前后正是它生长的极好时期。

There is a folk saying that "spring tea is bitter, summer tea is astringent, drink tea, autumn white dew". At this time, the tea tree is extremely hot in summer, and it is an excellent time for its growth before and after the white dew.

05 白露米酒White Dew Rice Wine

资兴、兴宁、三都、蓼江一带历来有酿酒习俗。每年白露节一到，家家酿酒，待客接人必喝“土酒”，其酒温中含热，用糯米、高粱等五谷酿成略带甜味，称“白露米酒”。

There have always been wine-making practises in the area of Zixing, Xingning, Sandu and Lijiang. Every year, as soon as the White Dew Festival arrives, the family makes wine, and the guests must drink "local wine". The temperature of the wine contains heat, and the grains such as glutinous rice and sorghum are brewed with a slightly sweet taste, which is called "white dew rice wine".

06 吃番薯Eat sweet potatoes

民间认为白露吃番薯可使饭后不会发胃酸，故旧时农家在白露节以吃番薯为习。

People think that eating sweet potatoes in Bailu can prevent stomach acid after meals, so in the old days, farmers used to eat sweet potatoes on Bailu Festival.

07 吃三白Eat Sanbai

露寒气生，但秋老虎的余威也还未完全褪去，昼热夜凉温差大。《四气调神大论》便告诉我们：“秋三月，此为容平。”吃法上也要讲究“平和”，不宜大吃大补，吃些白的、浅色的食物，稍微滋润一下，达到心平气和就好。

The dew is cold, but the aftertaste of the autumn tiger has not completely faded, and the temperature difference between day and night is big. The Four-QiTune God Theory tells us: "In autumn and March, this is Rong Ping." In terms of eating, you should also pay attention to "peace". It is not appropriate to eat a lot of tonic. Eat some white and light-coloured food and moisturise it a little to achieve peace of mind.

谚语：

喝了白露水，蚊子闭了嘴。

别说白露种麦早，要是河套就正好。

抢墒地薄白露播，比着秋分收得多。

白露种高山，寒露种河边，

坝里霜降点。

白露种高山，秋分种平川。

白露种高山，秋分种河湾。

After drinking the white dew, the mosquitos shut up.

Not to mention Bailu planting wheat early, it would be just right if it was Hetao.

The thin white dew on the ground is much more than the autumn equinox harvest.

White dew is planted in high mountains, cold dew is planted by the river, and the frost drop point in the dam.

White dew is planted in high mountains, and autumnal equinox is in Pingchuan. White dew is planted in high mountains, and in autumn equinox in river bays.

诗词：

   《白露》(唐·杜甫)       

白露团甘子，清晨散马蹄。

圃开连石树，船渡入江溪。

凭几看鱼乐，回鞭急鸟栖。

渐知秋实美，幽径恐多蹊。

"Bai Lu" (Du Fu) 

White dew ball of sweet seeds, loose horseshoes in the morning.

The field opens with stone trees, and the boat crosses into the river. 

Take a look at the fish fun and whip back to the birds.

Gradually, I know that the autumn is beautiful, and I'm afraid there will be many paths. 

《秋露》(唐·雍陶)

白露暖秋色，月明清漏中。

痕沾珠箔重，点落玉盘空。

竹动时惊鸟，莎寒暗滴虫。

满园生永夜，渐欲与霜同。

 "Qiu Lu" (Yongtao)

The white dew is warm in autumn, and the moon is clear.

The stains are heavy with pearl foil, and the jade plate is empty.

When the bamboo moves, the birds are startled, and the Shahan dark trichomonas.

The garden is full of eternal night, and I gradually want to be with the frost.