在2024年世界学者杯第16期WSC Weekly栏目中，我们与小学者一起了解了如何在停车场里建发电厂，分析了利弊。在上期的Quiz中，你是否找到了正确答案？现在就让我们一起来揭晓吧！
点此查看上期话题
没地方建发电厂？那就建在停车场里吧
Why not build solar farms in
parking lots?
上期答案：
Which of the following parking lots is most suitable for building a solar farm? 以下哪个停车场最适合建成太阳能发电站？
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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欢迎来到2024年第16期👇
2024 WSC Weekly· 16期
龙设崩塌？霸王龙其实是毛茸茸的？
Did T. rex have feathers?
自100多年前被发现以来，霸王龙一直是掠食性恐龙中的王者。通过无数的书籍、电视节目和1993年的电影《侏罗纪公园》，“霸王龙”的形象几乎为地球上的每个人所熟知。这是一种粗壮的熊脸怪物，长长的香蕉形牙齿衬托着一张能把人整个吞下的大嘴。霸王龙有两条强壮的腿，但手臂却很短。从鼻子到尾尖，它的皮肤都覆盖着鳞片。但近年来，一种与传统形象不同的，新的霸王龙形象开始出现在书籍、纪录片和互联网上：披着羽毛的霸王龙。历史上的霸王龙真的裹着羽毛吗？
Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, Tyrannosaurus rex has reigned as king of the predatory dinosaurs. Popularized by countless books, television shows, and a certain 1993 movie, the "tyrant king" is well known to nearly everyone on Earth. It was a burly bear-faced monster with long banana-shaped teeth lining a mouth that could swallow a person whole. T. rex stood on two strong legs, but had arms shorter than you or me. From snout to tail tip, its skin was covered in scales. But in recent years, a new image has been making its way into books, television documentaries and online dinosaur paleoart: a feather-covered T. rex. Was the T. Rex really wrapped in feathers?
目前还没有霸王龙身上存在羽毛的直接化石证据。没有人发现过披着羽毛的霸王龙骨骼，也没有人发现过从霸王龙臂骨上伸出的羽毛。但这并不奇怪。因为羽毛、肌肉、皮肤、内脏和其他软体结构常常很难作为化石保存下来。大多数化石都是骨头、牙齿和贝壳等硬体物体，它们更容易变成岩石，从而经受住地质时间的摧残。
There is not yet any direct fossil evidence of feathers on a T. rex. Nobody has found a T. rex skeleton cloaked in feathers, or any feathers sticking out of a T. rex arm bone. But this isn’t surprising. Feathers, muscle, skin, internal organs and other soft structures don’t often preserve as fossils. Most fossils are of hard objects like bones, teeth and shells, which can be more easily turned to rock and survive the ravages of geological time.
尽管如此，我们的确有一些理由相信霸王龙有羽毛。在白垩世早期的中国地区，火山爆发掩埋了整个生态系统，就像庞贝城被维苏威火山掩埋一样。恐龙被迅速杀死并掩埋，它们的软组织被锁在原地。许多在中国发现的恐龙骨骼都覆盖着羽毛，包括两种被称为“华丽羽王龙”和“帝龙”的恐龙。其中一只成年的华丽羽王龙体长约9米，体重1.4吨，是迄今为止被发现的最大的有羽毛的恐龙。由于帝龙和华丽羽王龙都属于暴龙超科，和霸王龙是近亲，于是有研究人员猜测，霸王龙会不会也长有羽毛。
With that said, we have good reason to believe T. rex did have some feathers. In China, in the Early Cretaceous, volcanic eruptions buried entire ecosystems similar to how the city of Pompeii was buried by Mount Vesuvius. The dinosaurs were killed and interred quickly, and their soft tissues were locked in place. Many of these dinosaur skeletons are covered in feathers, including two tyrannosaurs called Yutyrannus and Dilong. One of the adult Yutyrannus was about 9 meters long and weighed 1.4 tons, making it the largest feathered dinosaur ever discovered. Both Yutyrannus and Dilong are members of the Tyrannosauroidea group, which is a close relative of the T. rex, so some researchers have speculated whether the T. rex could have also feathers.
然而也有科学家反对这种推测。2017年，由来自美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、瑞典的7名科学家组成的这个团队，对世上仅有的包含皮肤痕迹的霸王龙化石进行了分析。这些化石包含一只出土于美国蒙大拿州的名叫Wyrex的霸王龙的颈部、骨盆和尾部皮肤。他们发现霸王龙的皮肤被光滑的鳞片覆盖，并无长有羽毛的迹象。除了霸王龙之外，他们还检查了同期的一些大型暴龙，得到了相同的结论。如果这些暴龙真的长有羽毛，也只可能长在背上。这是他们唯一没有化石佐证的身体部位。另外从霸王龙生存的年代来看，霸王龙生存在白垩纪晚期，平均气温比现在高4℃，而且霸王龙巨大的体型本身就能有效减少体内热量的流失，所以霸王龙并不需要羽毛来御寒。
However, some scientists oppose this speculation. In 2017, a team of seven scientists from the United States, Canada, Australia, and Sweden analyzed the only Tyrannosaurus rex fossils in the world that contain traces of skin. These fossils contain the neck, pelvis, and tail skin of a T. rex named Wyrex, unearthed in Montana, USA. They found that the T. rex's skin was covered in smooth scales and showed no signs of feather growth. In addition to Tyrannosaurus Rex, they also examined some large tyrannosaurus from the same time period, and came to the same conclusion. If these tyrannosaurs did have feathers, they could only have been on their backs. This is the only part of their body for which there is no fossil confirmation. In addition, T. rex survived in the late Cretaceous period, when the average temperature was 4 degrees Celsius higher than the present, and the huge size of T. rex itself effectively reduced the loss of body heat, so T. rex did not need feathers to keep out the cold.
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Quiz 题目：
If you are the producer of a movie about dinosaur and you decide to portray T. rex as feather-covered, you can cite which of the following as support of your decision? 如果你是一部恐龙题材电影的制片人，你决定把霸王龙描绘成羽毛覆盖的形象，你可以引用以下哪项来支持你的决定？
To WSC Scholars:
2024世界学者杯
区域轮
全新上线啦~
2024 WSC Regional Round
A Celebration of Learning
2024世界学者杯
秋季学期
区域轮火热报名中！
区域 | 场次 | 拟承办校 | 拟承办时间 |
华北 | 大连场 | 大连王府外国语学校 （已结束） | 2024.10.26-10.27 |
天津场 | 天津英华实验学校 （已结束） | 2024.11.2-11.3 | |
北京场 | 北京市通州区德闳学校 | 2024.11.23-11.24 | |
青岛场 | 宏文学校青岛校区 | 2024.11.30-12.1 | |
华南 | 海口场 | 海口哈罗学校 （已结束） | 2024.11.2-11.3 |
广州场 | 广州博萃德学校 | 2025.1.4-1.5 | |
深圳场 | 深圳国际交流书院 | 2024.12.7-12.8 | |
华东 | 上海场 | 上海华旭双语学校 (南安德路校区) | 2024.11.30-12.1 |
中西 | 成都场 | 成都墨尔文学校 | 2024.12.21-12.22 |
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