双语字幕
Pharmacokinetics
药代动力学
The majority of drugs are taken orally. A drug taken orally is dissolved in the stomach and absorbed mostly in the small intestine because of its large surface area. A drug must therefore be able to cross the epithelial cells that line this tissue.
大多数药物都需要口服。口服药在胃内溶解，主要在小肠吸收，因为小肠表面积很大。因此，药物必须能够穿过小肠上皮细胞。
How this absorption occurs will depend on the chemical properties of the compound, but it may be either through passive diffusion across cell membranes, by paracellular transport through the spaces between cells, by endocytosis of small drug containing membrane vesicles through cells, or by the action of drug transporter proteins.
药物吸收发生的机制取决于化合物的性质，但它或跨膜被动扩散，通过细胞间隙细胞旁路转运，通过细胞含药物小囊泡内吞，或通过药物转运蛋白的作用吸收。
Once absorbed, the drug moves through the intestinal fluid and diffuses into the blood of the general circulation.
药物被吸收后，穿过肠液，扩散到在全身循环的血液中。
When the drug enters the circulation, it is initially delivered to the liver, because the liver is anatomically linked to the blood vessels leaving the digestive tract, and then to the organs with high blood flow, such as the heart and brain.
当药物进入循环时，它最初将被输送到肝脏，因为从解剖学角度讲，肝脏与离开消化道的血管相连。然后，它被输送到血流量丰富的器官，如心脏和大脑。
The drug will eventually become distributed throughout the other compartments of the body including muscle and fat at concentrations that again depend on chemical properties of the drug such as charge and fat solubility.
最终，药物将分布到身体的其他部位，包括肌肉和脂肪，同样，其浓度取决于药物的化学特性，如电荷和脂肪溶解度。
Elimination or clearance of the drug may be either in its original form or after its metabolism or biotransformation into more water-soluble and often inactive metabolites.
药物可以以其原始形式消除或清除，也可以在代谢或生物转化为水溶性更强，且通常无活性的代谢产物后清除。
The main site for drug biotransformation is the in the liver because it has large amounts of the enzymes that perform this function.
药物发生生物转化的主要部位是肝脏，因为肝脏内有大量的酶发挥作用。
The drug or its metabolites are finally removed from the body, usually by filtration by the kidney, and excretion in the urine, although some drugs may also leave the body in small amounts through the feces, the sweat, and the respiration.
药物或其代谢产物最终通常通过肾脏过滤和尿液排泄被清除到体外，尽管一些药物也可以通过粪便、汗液和呼吸排出少许。
相关单词学习
Pharmacokinetics
①发音和释义
phar•ma•co•ki•net•ics/ˌfɑrməkoʊkɪˈnɛtɪks/n. 药代动力学
The branch of pharmacology that deals with the absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs by the body.
单词 pharmacokinetics 由下列成分构成
pharmaco- 药，药学
+
kinetics 动力学
Biotransformation
bi•o•trans•for•ma•tion/ˌbaɪoʊˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/n. 生物转化
The series of chemical changes occurring in a compound, esp. a drug, as a result of enzymatic or other activity by a living organism.
单词 biotransformation 由下列成分构成
bio- 生物的
+
transformation 变化，转变
附：非甾体抗炎药科普
（图片来源：太帅图库）
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