胃黏膜和肌肉层解剖丨医学英语视听学习

Stomach mucosa and muscle layers

胃黏膜和肌肉层

In today's tutorial, we will be looking at the mucosa and the muscle layers of the stomach. While we're discussing these structures, we're gonna be discussing them as they are seen with the naked eye or macroscopically. We're not going to use histological slides or a microscope.

在今天的教程中，我们将学习胃黏膜和胃肌肉层。在讲解这些结构时，我们将从肉眼观察或宏观角度进行探讨。我们不会使用组织切片或显微镜。

So, let's begin with the complete view of the stomach.

我们先整体看一下胃。

Here, we can see the stomach connecting to the esophagus and duodenum. We can also see its internal surface and the folds which are called rugae.

在这里，我们可以看到胃连接食管和十二指肠。我们也可以看到胃的内表面和称为皱襞的褶皱。

In the next illustration, we can see the muscular layers of the stomach but we will cover these later on in the tutorial.

在下一张图片中，我们可以看到胃的肌肉层，但是我们将在稍后介绍。

So, the stomach is a muscular bag that expands to accommodate ingested food. The stomach connects the esophagus and the small intestine. It's found in the epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondriac regions of the abdomen.

胃是一种能够扩张来适应摄入的不同食物量的肌肉袋。胃连接食管和小肠，它见于上腹部、脐部和腹部左季肋区。

The stomach can be subdivided into four main parts: the cardiac part, the fundus, the gastric body and the pyloric part.

胃可以进一步分为4个主要部分：胃贲门部、胃底、胃体和幽门部。

The structure of the stomach is similar to the rest of the GI tract and is composed of mucosa, submucosa and the muscular layer. I'll talk a bit more about these layers later on in the tutorial.

胃的结构与GI道的其余部分相似，它由黏膜、黏膜下层和肌肉层组成。稍后，我们将详细讨论这些分层。

When we look at the stomach from an anterior view like in this illustration, we can see the esophagus is the most superior structure. It connects the stomach with the upper alimentary tract.

如图所示，当我们观察胃的前视图时，我们可以看到食管是最上部的结构。它连接胃和上消化道。

The esophagus is a long, fibromuscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It passes through the superior and inferior-posterior sections of the mediastinum. The esophagus then enters the abdominal cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm at approximately the level of the T10 vertebra.

食管是连接咽和胃的长纤维肌肉管。它穿过纵膈的上段和后下段。然后，在约T10椎骨水平，食管通过膈食管裂孔进入腹腔。

Here, we can see the inferior portion of the esophagus that connects to the stomach. The esophagus is supplied by the esophageal branches of the thoracic aorta. It's also supplied by the bronchial arteries and the ascending branches of the left gastric artery.

在这儿，我们可以看到食管下部连接胃。食管由胸主动脉食管支，也由支气管动脉和胃左动脉升支供血。

The venous drainage is provided by small vessels returning blood to the azygos and hemiazygos veins and by the esophageal branches to the left gastric vein.

静脉血液由将血液输送回奇静脉和半奇静脉的小血管，以及胃左静脉食管支引流。

The innervation of the esophagus is complex but it is mainly supplied by the vagus nerves and sympathetic trunks. The terminal end of the esophagus connects to the cardiac part of the stomach forming the esophageal-stomach junction.

食管的神经支配非常复杂，但主要由迷走神经和交感神经干支配。食管末端连接胃贲门部，形成胃食管交界处。

Here, the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus abruptly changes into simple columnar mucus-secreting gastric epithelium of the stomach.

这个部位的食管复层鳞状上皮骤然转变为分泌粘液的单层柱状上皮。

In the next image, we can see the internal structure of the stomach. We can see the rugae that I mentioned earlier and we can see the cardia highlighted in green.

在下一张图片中，我们可以看到胃的内部结构。我们可以看到我之前提到的皱襞，我们可以看到贲门（见绿色突出部分）。