24年12月10日文献情报（15篇）

24年12月10日文献情报

1. 题目: Silicon-modified peanut shell biochar: novel passivation to mitigate cadmium bioaccumulation in spinach

文章编号: N24121015
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Mei Sun, Bing Cheng, He Liu, Xiaorou Wang, Xiaofei Tian, Xiaojing Yu, Jiulan Dai
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: To effectively mitigate the current soil pollution risks and ensure the safety of agricultural products, it is crucial to develop conditioners that can effectively remediate cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. This study utilized peanut shells as raw material and prepared silicon (Si) modified biochar by impregnating them with sodium silicate nonahydrate (Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O). The potential of Si-modified biochar in reducing Cd²⁺ accumulation in spinach was verified through biochar characterization, adsorption effect evaluation, and pot experiments. The research found that the Si-modified biochar exhibited a dynamic adsorption capacity for Cd²⁺ of up to 240.38 mg g^-1, which is more than 40 times greater than that of the original biochar (5.83 mg g^-1). The adsorption experiments were found to fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption is primarily due to chemical adsorption in a monolayer. Based on the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis, it was concluded that the modification with Si increased functional groups such as -OH, -C=O, and -Si-O on the biochar surface. These functional groups enhanced the ion exchange reaction with Cd²⁺, increased the formation of Cd precipitate, and improved the adsorption capacity. In pot experiments, it was found that the modified biochar significantly reduced the Cd content in spinach by 54.42%, demonstrating a markedly better effectiveness in blocking Cd compared to the original biochar. Additionally, the modified biochar increased the fresh weight of spinach by 22.07%. These results provide an effective passivating material and offer a method to reduce Cd absorption and accumulation in agricultural products, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of agricultural products.
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2. 题目: Nitrogen input alleviates the priming effects of biochar addition on soil organic carbon decomposition

文章编号: N24121014
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Xuhui Zhou, Zhiqiang Feng, Yixian Yao, Ruiqiang Liu, Junjiong Shao, Shuxian Jia, Yining Gao, Kui Xue, Hongyang Chen, Yuling Fu, Yanghui He
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: The combination of biochar and nitrogen (N) addition has been proposed as a potential strategy to sustain crop productivity and mitigate climate change by increasing soil fertility, sequestering carbon (C), and reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions. However, our current knowledge about how biochar and N additions interactively alter mineralization of native soil organic C (SOC), which is referred to priming effects (PEs), is largely limited. To address this uncertainty, C₃ biochar (pyrolyzing rice straw at 300, 550, and 800 °C) and its combination with N fertilizer (urea) were incubated in a C₄-derived soils at 25 °C. All these 3 types of biochar with different addition rates caused positive priming of native soil organic matter decomposition (up to +58.4%). The maximum negative priming effects (up to −25.4%) occurred in soil treated with 1% of N-bound biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the priming intensity and soil inorganic N content across all treatments. The decrease in biochar-induced PEs was related with a shift in microbial community composition and reduction in microbial biomass determined by chloroform-fumigation. Such a reduction, however, was not confirmed by PLFA analysis. These findings advance our understanding on the microbial mechanisms mediating net soil C balance with the adequate biochar use for blending traditional mineral fertilizers.
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3. 题目: Different persulfate activation pathways and preferences by organic and inorganic active sites on sludge biochar for removing refractory organic pollutants

文章编号: N24121013
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Zhifu Tian, Huilin Wan, Chenxi Li, Xiaojie Qiu, Yinuo Liu, Yingxin Zhao
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Sludge-derived biochar (SDBC) is a typical composite material composed of both inorganic and organic components. This special structure facilitates the formation of diverse active sites on its surface, thus enhancing the capacity of SDBC to activate persulfate (PS). The most recent reviews on persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes primarily focuses on the influence of preparation processes and modification methods on the catalytic performance of SDBC, while also providing a brief overview of its catalytic mechanism. Regrettably, a comprehensive overview detailing the preferences of various active sites for different catalytic mechanisms, and the interaction among these active sites during the PS activation process remains deficient. This paper investigated the diverse catalytic mechanisms of oxygen functional groups, heterocyclic nitrogen, graphitic carbon, defects, and transition metals, including their oxides, in activating PS for the degradation of refractory organic pollutants. The preferences of active sites for various mechanisms were also discussed. Additionally, the influence of various factors on the generation of different active sites was comprehensively concluded, providing insights into their interactions and transformations. Subsequently, the formation of composite sites between organic and inorganic components of SDBC were explored, which generally exhibited synergistic effects in PS activation and refractory contaminants degradation processes. Finally, the detection and analysis methods of active sites were concluded. The potential for resource utilization of whole sludge components was emphasized, and further research directions for the preparation of SDBC and PS activation mechanisms were pointed out. This review provided valuable insights into the preferences of different active sites on SDBC for various catalytic mechanisms.
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4. 题目: Biochar strategy for long-term N2O emission reduction: insights into soil physical structure and microbial interaction

文章编号: N24121012
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Yeye Zhang, Chun Yan, Tao Wang, Guangxin Zhang, Michael Bahn, Fei Mo, Juan Han
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Applying biochar to agricultural soils is a promising strategy for mitigating nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are essential for crop production but also represent a significant source of N₂O emissions. The effectiveness of biochar in reducing N₂O emissions depends on the amount of N fertilizer applied and the morphological structure of the biochar. However, few studies have examined the impact of field-aged biochar on N₂O emissions under different N application levels, especially concerning the mechanisms by which biochar’s morphological properties and soil characteristics influence microbial-driven N₂O production. We conducted a long-term field experiment over three winter wheat seasons, applying two N fertilizer doses (113.25 and 226.5 kg N ha^-1) and four biochar doses (0, 5, 10, 20 t ha^-1). In-situ N₂O measurements, combined with amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA, ITS rRNA), metagenomic sequencing, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, were performed to explore the effects of combined application of biochar with N fertilizer on soil N₂O emissions and potential soil physicochemical and microbial mechanisms. The study demonstrated that biochar aged for several years consistently reduced soil N₂O emissions, likely due to modifications in soil physical properties such as specific surface area, pore size, and pore volume. The dose of N fertilizer had a significant effect on how biochar regulated soil pore structure, consequently impacting the abundance of N cycle genes and microbes. The intermediate biochar dose of 10 t ha^-1 biochar significantly increased soil mesopore size and the abundance of N₂O-reducing genes such as nosZ, while simultaneously suppressing the N₂O production genes such as napA and norB through enhanced soil specific surface area and pore volume, but further increasing the dose did not result in sustained improvement. The functional diversity of N-cycling genes proved to be a more reliable predictor of N₂O emissions than the diversity of fungal and bacterial taxa. Our findings advance the understanding of how biochar influences physical-microbial interactions that determine N₂O production in agricultural soils. These mechanistic insights are crucial for developing integrated biochar and fertilization management strategies to mitigate climate change effectively.
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5. 题目: Redox control in arsenic accumulation with organic matter derived from a varved lacustrine deposit in the Jurassic accretionary complexes

文章编号: N24121011
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yuma Masuki, Nagayoshi Katsuta, Sayuri Naito, Takuma Murakami, Ayako Umemura, Natsuko Fujita, Akihiro Matsubara, Masayo Minami, Masakazu Niwa, Hidekazu Yoshida, Satoru Kojima
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Oxidation states and distribution of arsenic (As) in annually laminated (varved) lacustrine deposits were analyzed with a seasonal resolution. This deposit was formed in the mid-Holocene landslide-dammed paleolake in the upper reaches of the Ane River, central Japan and the paleolake watershed consists of the Jurassic accretionary complexes (Mino-Tamba belt) including sedimentary and igneous rocks. In the outcrop, centimeter-to-decimeter-scale silty clay layers alternating with laminated layers are well developed. Bulk concentrations of As in the two layers are 77 ± 27 μg/g on average and mostly occurred in the sulfide fraction (59% ± 9%). In the laminated layers, millimeter-scale organic matter (OM)-rich and siderite-rich layers were repeated, indicating deposition during the spring and autumn mixings and the summer stratification, respectively. The OM-rich layers distinctively contain As-rich layers concentrated at the margins of the siderite layers, while they have numerous As-rich hotspots coexisting with S and amorphous OM. Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis demonstrated that the As-rich layers contain FeAs^–IS, As^IIS, and As^III₂S₃ at roughly the same levels, whereas FeAs^–IS is dominant for the As in hotspots. Based on the results, it is suggested that As accumulation in the varved deposit has been controlled by seasonal changes in OM supply and fluctuation in redox potential with post-depositional degradation of OM.
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6. 题目: Ecological Restoration Enhances the Stability and Associated Organic Carbon of Soil Aggregates in a Tibetan Alpine Meadow

文章编号: N24121010
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Zhiwen Ma, Xiang Liu, Wenping Qin, Shengzhong Wang
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Fencing and reseeding are two widely implemented ecological restoration strategies aimed at rehabilitating degraded grasslands globally. However, their effects on soil aggregates have been insufficiently explored. Employing the space-for-time substitution approach, we collected intact soils from a degraded alpine meadow, a fenced alpine meadow (natural restoration), a reseeded alpine meadow (interventional restoration), and an undegraded alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our main objective was to assess how the composition, stability, and associated organic carbon content of soil water-stable aggregates responded to a 12-year restoration effort in degraded alpine meadows. The results revealed that both restoration measures enhanced plant biomass, the levels of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as the concentrations of microbial phospholipid fatty acids. In contrast, these measures had a minimal effect on soil bulk density and glomalin-related soil protein, while causing a reduction in soil pH. Post-restoration, the mass proportion of macroaggregates increased notably by 66.45%–71.18%, whereas that of microaggregates and silt-clay particles exhibited decreasing trends. The mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the aggregates also significantly enhanced following restoration, indicating improvements in soil structural health and stability. However, the restored paddocks still showed lower aggregate stability than the undegraded paddock, suggesting that a longer restoration period may be required to fully recover the degraded soil structure. The aggregate-associated organic carbon content significantly increased after reseeding but showed a negligible response to fencing alone. Nevertheless, both restoration measures improved the organic carbon stock within macroaggregates and its contribution to soil total organic carbon. Soil pH, total nitrogen content, and plant biomass were identified as key factors influencing the composition and associated organic carbon content of aggregates during restoration. Our findings indicate that ecological restoration enhances the stability and associated organic carbon accumulation of soil aggregates, primarily by promoting the formation of macroaggregates in degraded alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau.
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7. 题目: Enhanced radionuclide (U-232) adsorption by humic acid-coated microplastics

文章编号: N24121009
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Ioannis Ioannidis, Eleni Antoniou, Ioannis Pashalidis
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are among the most frequently found plastic pollutants, capable of adsorbing various contaminants such as radionuclides, raising potential environmental concerns as secondary pollutants. This study investigates the impact of natural organic matter (NOM), specifically humic acid (HA), on the adsorption of the U-232 radionuclide by HA-coated PE-MPs. The experiments were conducted in different pH regions (weak acidic, near neutral and weak alkaline), temperatures (25, 35, 45 °C) in deionized water solutions (DI), and in seawater samples. The surface coating of PE-MPs through HA enhances significantly their adsorption capacity for U-232, particularly under weakly acidic conditions. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrate that HA-coated MPs exhibit nearly 100 % adsorption efficiency at low pH, compared to only 25 % for non-treated PE-MPs. The adsorption process is found to be endothermic and entropy-driven, indicating that increasing temperature favors the adsorption capacity of the MPs. In seawater, the presence of competing ions decreases adsorption efficiency; however, HA-coated MPs still outperform their non-coated counterparts. These findings highlight the critical role of NOM coatings in enhancing the environmental stability and mobility of radionuclides and other pollutants by (PE-)MPs and underline the need to consider possible surface modifications in risk assessments related to MP polution.
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8. 题目: Stability of a novel integrated photocatalysis-ultrafiltration reactor: Algal organic matter removal and membrane fouling alleviation mechanism

文章编号: N24121008
期刊: Journal of Membrane Science
作者: Tianyang Wang, Zhiwei Zhou, Chunjiao Liu, Xing Li, Yuantian Zhao
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Photocatalysis-ultrafiltration is potentially considered to be one of the effective technologies for the advanced treatment of algae-laden water. However, the problems of nano-photocatalyst loss and membrane fouling during continuous operation greatly limit its practical application. Herein, a novel integrated photocatalysis-ultrafiltration (PC-UF) reactor, including a photocatalytic zone, a separation and reflux zone of the nano-photocatalyst of Bi₂O₃-TiO₂/PAC (Bi-doped TiO₂ nano-composites supported by powdered activated carbon) and an ultrafiltration zone was developed. The operating parameters of the PC-UF reactor were optimized, and the stability of PC-UF continuous operation as well as the mechanism of the decontamination and membrane fouling control were investigated. The results indicated that the PC-UF reactor was continuously operated for 63 d under the optimal conditions (Bi₂O₃-TiO₂/PAC dosage of 1.0 g/L, UV lamp power of 12 W, aeration rate of 200 mL/min, hydraulic retention time of 4 hours, membrane flux of 30 LMH, backwashing frequency of once every 90 min for 1 min), and no obvious loss of nano-photocatalyst was found. The average removal of UV₂₅₄, DOC and turbidity was stable at 61.3%, 47.5% and 92.5%. Photocatalysis mainly photo-degraded tryptophan, fulvic acid and humic substances fluorescent components, decomposed and mineralized organic matter with molecular weights of 10 to 5000 Da, and ultrafiltration mainly removed microbial metabolites and humic substances. Photocatalysis altered foulants properties by decomposing phenols, amines, and aldehydes, thereby reducing foulants-membrane attraction and converting foulant-foulant attraction into repulsion, thereby mitigating membrane fouling. This work provides new ideas for the development of integrated PC-UF equipment and their continuous operation.
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9. 题目: Olive biomass-derived magnetic activated biochar for ciprofloxacin removal: Integrated kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic analysis

文章编号: N24121007
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Daniel Lucas Costa Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Ferreira Piazzi Fuhr, Júlia Amaral Guido, Cristiane Ferraz de Azevedo, Adrize Medran Rangel, Guilherme Luiz Dotto, Suliman Yousef Alomar, Fernando Machado Machado
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Olive biomass waste was converted into novel magnetic-activated biochars (MOBs) using a simple single-step chemical activation process combined with microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Biomass served as the carbon source, while ZnCl₂ and NiCl₂ were used as activating and magnetic agents (with ratios of 1:1:1 for MOB-1 and 1:1:1.5 for MOB-1.5). The synthesized MOBs were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, N₂ adsorption/desorption, VSM, pH_PZC, and IP techniques, revealing distinct structural and textural properties influenced by the magnetic agent ratios. MOB-1 and MOB-1.5 exhibited specific surface areas of 743.6 and 595.2 m² g⁻¹, respectively, with coercivities ranging from 22.6 to 24.2 Oe. The interactions between MOBs and ciprofloxacin (CP) antibiotic were systematically investigated. Adsorption studies showed rapid CP uptake, best described by the nonlinear Avrami fractional model, with maximum adsorption capacities of 218.4 mg g⁻¹ for MOB-1 and 216.8 mg g⁻¹ for MOB-1.5, according to the Liu isotherm. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic analyses confirmed an endothermic, spontaneous adsorption process. Additionally, physisorption governs the process, driven by hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. This work demonstrates the potential of olive biomass as a sustainable feedstock for magnetic biochar production, enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency and promoting the circular economy.
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10. 题目: Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Cropland Soil Organic Carbon Changes From Space

文章编号: N24121006
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Tom Broeg, Axel Don, Martin Wiesmeier, Thomas Scholten, Stefan Erasmi
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Soil monitoring requires accurate and spatially explicit information on soil organic carbon (SOC) trends and changes over time. Spatiotemporal SOC models based on Earth Observation (EO) satellite data can support large‐scale SOC monitoring but often lack sufficient temporal validation based on long‐term soil data. In this study, we used repeated SOC samples from 1986 to 2022 and a time series of multispectral bare soil observations (Landsat and Sentinel‐2) to model high‐resolution cropland SOC trends for almost four decades. An in‐depth validation of the temporal model uncertainty and accuracy of the derived SOC trends was conducted based on a network of 100 long‐term monitoring sites that were continuously resampled every 5 years. While the general SOC prediction accuracy was high (R² = 0.61; RMSE = 5.6 g kg⁻¹), the direct validation of the derived SOC trends revealed a significantly greater uncertainty (R² = 0.16; p < 0.0001), even though predicted and measured values showed similar distributions. Classifying the results into declining and increasing SOC trends, we found that 95% of all sites were either correctly identified or predicted as stable (p < 0.001), highlighting the potential of our findings. Increased accuracies for SOC trends were found in soils with higher SOC contents (R² = 0.4) and sites with reduced tillage (R² = 0.26). Based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio and temporal model uncertainty, we were able to show that the necessary time frame to detect SOC trends strongly depends on the absolute SOC changes present in the soils. Our findings highlight the potential to generate significant cropland SOC trend maps based on EO data and underline the necessity for direct validation with repeated soil samples and long‐term SOC measurements. This study marks an important step toward the usability and integration of EO‐based SOC maps for large‐scale soil carbon monitoring.
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11. 题目: Simulation of nitrate nitrogen concentrations and DOM characteristics in groundwater from Southwest China’s Karst Wetlands using an improved GMS model

文章编号: N24121005
期刊: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
作者: Chunjin Gong, Junfeng Dai, Zupeng Wan, Honghu Zeng, Hongyan Zhang
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要:

Existing models often face limitations in the understanding and prediction of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) concentrations in karst groundwater. In this study, to tackle this issue, a Gaussian function model was coupled with the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) to simulate NO₃⁻-N concentration changes in the southwest karst wetland of China. Additionally, fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to measure dissolved organic matter (DOM) components in the groundwater, providing insights into their variation and influence on NO₃⁻-N dynamics. The results demonstrated that coupling the Gaussian curve fitting method with the GMS model accurately simulated NO₃⁻-N concentration changes in the study area. The simulation revealed lower NO₃⁻-N levels in the northern region, with higher concentrations in the central area, peaking at 20.73 mg/L at lower elevations. NO₃⁻-N was primarily distributed in the southwestern region and upper Mudong Lake, exhibiting a diffusion trend from west to east. DOM analysis indicated significant autochthonous contributions, particularly microbial metabolic by-products. The total fluorescence intensity and DOM components increased downstream, with the lowest values at the source and the highest values at river confluences. The humification index (HIX) was correlated with NO₃⁻-N concentrations, where lower NO₃⁻-N levels corresponded to lower HIX values, and higher NO₃⁻-N levels corresponded to higher HIX values. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into NO₃⁻-N prediction in groundwater and the role of DOM, offering a reference for groundwater protection in the southwest China karst basin.

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12. 题目: A novel almond shell biochar modified with FeS and chitosan as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals from water and soil

文章编号: N24121004
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Penghui Guo, Xiang Gu, Zhaoshuang Li, Xu Xu, Yini Cao, Guoen Yang, Chuntao Kuang, Xingong Li, Yan Qing, Yiqiang Wu
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: The discharge of heavy metals (HMS) from industrial production has severely damaged the natural environment and human health. To address the challenges posed by heavy metals, a novel almond shell biochar (FeS-CTS@nBC) modified with FeS and chitosan (CTS) was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy observations revealed a uniform distribution of FeS particles on the biochar. Adsorption thermodynamics experiments showed that the maximum adsorbed amounts of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr (VI) and Cr (III)) in FeS-CTS@nBC were 85.6, 89.63, 94.2, and 75.62 mg/g, respectively. Results of soil incubation experiments indicated that FeS-CTS@nBC had a desirable immobilization effect on heavy metals, decreasing the bioavailability of Cd, Pb, Cr (VI), and Cr (III) by 29.43 %, 23.93 %, 5.75 % and 5.23 %, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealed that the oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochar exhibited stronger adsorption capacities for heavy metals. Plant potting experiments indicated that the paddy grew well in the soil remediated with FeS-CTS@nBC. The Cd content in the roots and leaves of the paddy after nBCS2 repair was reduced by 28.01 % and 55.73 %, respectively. Overall, this work provides a promising low-cost method with a simple production process for mitigation of heavy metals from water and soil.
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13. 题目: Methods to characterize type, relevance, and interactions of organic matter and microorganisms in fluids along the flow path of a geothermal facility

文章编号: N24121003
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Alessio Leins, Danaé Bregnard, Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand, Stefanie Poetz, Florian Eichinger, Guillaume Cailleau, Pilar Junier, Simona Regenspurg
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: . Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microorganisms were characterized along the flow path of a geothermal facility that produces water from a deep (2800 m) carbonate rock reservoir for energy provision. A variety of analytical techniques were employed to distinguish between natural and synthetic organic matter, determine the composition of the microbial community, and evaluate the role of microorganisms in the operation of the geothermal site in Bad Blumau, Austria. Ion chromatography (IC), liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) in negative electrospray ionization (ESI(−)) and positive atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI(+)) mode were applied to the fluid samples for the purpose of characterizing the composition of DOM and distinguishing natural DOM from a chemical inhibitor used to prevent scaling. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 8.5 to 10.4 mg C L−1. The chemical scaling inhibitor contributes approximately 1 mg C L−1 of DOC to the produced fluids. Depending on the applied ionization mode, the FT-ICR-MS results show that between 31 % and 65 % of the macromolecular formulas (150–1000 Da) detected in the fluid samples appear to originate from the inhibitor. However, the DOM is primarily composed of low-molecular-weight acids (LMWA), with acetate being the most prevalent, reaching up to 7.4 mg C L−1. To assess the diversity of the bacterial communities, targeted amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted. The composition of the microbial community exhibited variation along the flow path, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Thermotogae representing the dominant bacterial phyla. Based on the community composition, metabolic pathways associated with the presence of acetate in the samples were predicted. Microorganisms may produce acetate through diverse fermentation processes, including those involving lysine, pyruvate, and hexitol. Assessing the presence and interaction of organic compounds and microorganisms in geothermal fluids can provide a broader understanding of processes within the geothermal facility. This understanding could be beneficial for efficient operation of a geothermal power plant.
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14. 题目: Soil-Easily Extractable Glomalin: An Innovative Approach to Deciphering Its Molecular Composition under the Influence of Seasonality, Vegetation Cover, and Wildfire

文章编号: N24121002
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Layla M San-Emeterio, Elena Lozano, Victoria Arcenegui, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo, José A González-Pérez
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: Easily extractable glomalin (EEG) is a fraction of soil organic matter thought to contain mainly glomalin-related soil glycoproteins produced by mycorrhizal fungi. The EEG has an impact on various soil ecological functions, primarily related to soil aggregation formation and stability as well as water repellence. Here, analytical pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used for studying the molecular composition of soil EEG, and a detailed description of the chemical composition is reported. Samples extracted from Mediterranean soils under different vegetation covers (Pinus halepensis and shrubland species, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Brachypodium spp, predominantly), impacted or not by forest fires and collected at different times, were studied. A total of 139 compounds were identified and grouped based on their probable biogenic origin. The EEG chemical composition is dominated by lipids, aromatic compounds, steranes, and hydroaromatics with a remarkable abundance of compounds from plant origin. Significant EEG structural changes can indicate environmental disturbances such as those after a wildfire. The EEG soil organic fraction is found to be a stable and heat-resistant material in nature if soil temperatures remain below 200–250 °C. This study advances the understanding of EEG by providing a detailed molecular characterization and highlighting its role as a stable, heat-resistant component of soil organic matter in Mediterranean ecosystems. The main findings indicate that while EEG is structurally resilient and mostly originates from plant material, its composition is more similar to that of humic acids than to that of glycoproteins.
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15. 题目: Ultrafiltration membrane fouling control caused by extracellular organic matter extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa: role of visible light pre-photocatalysis and membrane characteristics

文章编号: N24121001
期刊: Journal of Membrane Science
作者: Yuantian Zhao, Zhiwei Zhou, Chunjiao Liu, Xing Li, Tianyang Wang, Fangshu Qu
更新时间: 2024-12-10
摘要: The frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has caused a significant impact on human society and the economy, and also poses a new challenge to conventional water treatment technology. In this study, a new process of photocatalysis-ultrafiltration (UF) was proposed: a novel visible-light photocatalyst of Bi₂O₃-TiO₂/PAC combined with polyethersulfone (PES) and ceramic membranes (CM). The removal efficiency of extracellular organic matter (EOM) extracted by Microcystis aeruginosa, membrane fouling behavior, and interfacial interaction in photocatalysis-ultrafiltration process were studied. The results indicated that the photocatalysis-UF (PES) process achieved optimal removal efficiencies of 40.2% for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 51.7% for UV₂₅₄ after 30 min of photocatalysis. In the photocatalysis-UF (CM) process, the removal efficiencies for DOC and UV₂₅₄ were 43.5% and 53.7%, respectively. Superoxide radicals (·O₂^-) played a predominant role in the photocatalysis of soluble microbial products (SMP) and humics, while hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were more effective in the oxidation of aromatic proteins. The photocatalysis-UF (CM) demonstrated significant removal of biopolymers (BP), whereas the photocatalysis-UF (PES) effectively retained low-molecular-weight neutral substances (LMW Neu). As the duration of photocatalysis prolonged, membrane fouling resistance initially decreased and then increased. Concurrently, the photocatalysis markedly diminished the interaction energy between the EOM and the UF, thereby enhancing the repulsive forces among EOM molecules, which in turn alleviated membrane fouling. With extended photocatalytic exposure, the PES fouling predominantly involved complete blocking, whereas the CM fouling was mainly due to cake layer formation. This study provides an in-depth mechanistic understanding of membrane fouling control in photocatalysis-UF process, offering technical support for the application of this technology in algae-laden water treatment.
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