专栏｜印大克里斯博士：中印尼联合声明后的机遇
文摘
2024-12-12 17:32
印度尼西亚
![]()
2024年11月9日，应习近平主席邀请，普拉博沃·苏比安托总统对中国进行了国事访问，这是他任期内首次海外出访。
这次访问不仅标志着两国间持续千年的古老文明友谊，更象征着双方在和平合作道路上不断深化的决心。
两国领导人在会晤后发表的联合声明，为双方未来在各领域的实质性合作奠定了坚实基础。
尽管这份联合声明预示着两国合作将迎来新的发展机遇，但实施过程中仍需平衡利弊。
一名与澳大利亚联系密切的印度尼西亚学者对此表示关切，他认为联合声明是“一项鲁莽的政策，对印尼构成风险”，并可能导致“背离印尼的国家利益”。
在印度尼西亚的语言体系中，这两者分别对应“kedaulatan”（主权）和“kesejahteraan”（繁荣）。
按照福山的观点，它们分别代表着政治与经济，并且具有不同的特性。
前者关乎承认，因此具有零和博弈的性质；而后者则旨在通过谈判实现双赢的结果。
印度尼西亚历史上曾遭遇相似的难题，当时两名印度尼西亚海军陆战队员因在对抗时期进行爆炸活动而被新加坡当局处决，然而在印度尼西亚，他们却被尊为英雄。
尽管印度尼西亚无法干预新加坡的决定，但当建国总理李光耀访问印度尼西亚时，他特意造访了这两名海军陆战队员在雅加达国家英雄公墓的安息之地。
自此以后，两国的经济关系便呈现出相互促进、难以分割的紧密联系。
当今世界正面临三大热点地区——乌克兰、中东和东亚，其中两处冲突依然看不到尽头的光明，亚洲已无法承受新的动荡。
幸运的是，千百年来，我们自有一套解决争端的独特方式。
今年，印度尼西亚迎来了其法律高等教育的百年庆典，这不仅是我母校的荣耀时刻，也是国家法治精神的象征。
Supomo教授作为该校最早的本土教育者之一，在印度尼西亚共和国初创之际曾强调：“在国家事务中最关键的是精神，即领导者的精神…即便宪法不尽完美，只要领导层具备崇高的精神，任何法规皆无法阻碍国家的进步。”
这表明，治理之本在于精神。
综上所述，我深信普拉博沃总统并非鲁莽之辈，他怀有高尚的精神，致力于推动区域间的合作，而非将我们卷入毫无意义的冲突。
我坚定地支持他的领导，并提醒世人，绝大多数印度尼西亚民众在选举中选择了他，这代表了一种深层次的民意认可。
几千年来，印度尼西亚与中国的互惠合作不仅极大地促进了双方的繁荣，更强化了彼此生存的基础。
On November 9th, 2024, on the invitation of President Xi Jinping, President Prabowo Subianto paid state visit to China as his first overseas trip. His visit was the symbol of two old Asian civilizations which have continuously cooperated closely and peacefully for millennia. The two leaders made monumentaljoint statement which can further substantial collaboration between the two independent nations.Even though the implementation of the joint statement would greatly increase benefits for both nations and the region, there are pros and cons.
One of the cons comes from an Australia affiliated Indonesian academician who opines that the joint statement is "...reckless policy and dangerous for Indonesia and region," and "has betrayed Indonesia's national interest."
The main issue which is underlined as follows,"The two sides reached important common understanding on joint development in areas of overlapping claims and agreed to establish an Inter-Governmental Joint Steering Committee to explore and advance relevant cooperation based on the principles of "mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, flexibility, pragmatism, and consensus-building," pursuant to their respective prevailing laws and regulations."He opined that this point had change Indonesia's stance on the South China Sea issue. However, if we pay close attention to the details, the joint statement carefully uses chosen words such as 'claims' and 'respective prevailing laws and regulations.'The word 'claims' is the indication that both parties have different positions on the limit of their respective territory and their positions are backed by "their respective prevailing laws and regulations." Hence, this document actually reinforces both sides' original position, but the document shows both parties do not wish to be trapped into confrontation by showing willingness to find opportunity for cooperation.The concept behind the opportunity of cooperation among sovereign nations can only be understood from the theory of state perspective. In the Western tradition, modern state comes from the Westphalian system which is the collective names of two peace treaties agreed in October 1648.
The system brought the concept of non-intervention which is now recognized in United Nations Charter. Even though Kissinger claimed that the system was brought by Western colonialism to the world as the blue print of modern state, the idea behind the system actually came from Grotius who took lesson from native Indonesia's practice of liberties in international cooperation. The joint statement hence has two critical dimensions, the sovereignty ('claims' and 'respective prevailing laws and regulations') and the economic ('advance relevant cooperation'), in Indonesia the two sides are known as 'Kedaulatan' and 'Kesejahteraan' respectively. Fukuyama recognizes these two sides as politics and economic, both dimensions have different nature. As the first is about recognition hence it is zero-sum in nature while the other is about win-win solution through negotiation.Indonesia had faced similar dilemma previously, when two Indonesian Marines were hanged by Singapore authority for bombing during Konfrontasi era, but for the Indonesia, the two Marines were heroes. Indonesia could not intervene Singapore's decision, but when the founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew visited Indonesia, he paid special visit to both Marines resting place at the national heroes’ cemetery in Jakarta, since then the two nations economy are mutually-beneficial inseparable.Currently the world has three hot spots such as, Ukraine, Middle East and East Asia, while the two have exploded without any light at the end of the tunnel. Asia does not need another conflict, fortunately for millennia we have our own way of solving disputes. This year Indonesia celebrates the centenary of its legal higher education which now becomes my home institution, Supomo as among the earliest native Professor of the school, during the founding of Republic of Indonesia declared, "the most important in... state affairs is the spirit, the spirit of the leadership... Even if the constitution is not perfect, as long as the leadership has noble spirit, the regulations would not hinder the state. Hence the most important is the spirit."
In sum, I believe President Prabowo is not reckless because he has noble spirit to further cooperation rather than to entangle our region into open conflict.
I steadfastly stand behind him, let us remember that the majority of Indonesians have consciously voted for him. For millennia, the mutually-beneficial collaboration between Indonesia and China has not only been beneficial for our prosperity but alsoour survival.
Meng | 排版
JANEY｜编审
声明：
本公众号所有内容版权归本公众号所有，其他媒体、网站或个人在转载使用时，必须注明来源：“印中商务中心”。
![]()
![]()
