舌乳头解剖及其功能丨医学英语视听学习

Lingual papillae

舌乳头

During this tutorial, we'll go over the anatomy and function of the different structures we can see in this image. 

在这个教程中，我们将介绍这张图片上所见的不同结构的解剖学和功能。

So some of these structures include the filiform papillae, the vallate papillae, the fungiform papillae, the taste buds, the lingual tonsil and some associated glandular tissue. The only papillae we can't see in this image are the foliate papillae, however, they're located on the sides of the tongue and we're going to go through them later on in this tutorial.

这些结构包括丝状乳头、轮廓乳头、菌状乳头、味蕾、舌扁桃体，以及一些相关的腺体组织等。这张图片上唯一不可见的乳头是叶状乳头，然而，它们位于舌两侧，稍后，我们将在本节课中讨论它们。

So, to start with, let me give you a bit of an introduction on the lingual papillae. The lingual papillae are located on the dorsum or the upper surface of the tongue which we can see here. 

首先，我将向大家介绍一下舌乳头。舌乳头位于舌背上或舌的上表面，如这里所示。

They are only located on the presulcal part of the tongue which is the part of the tongue anterior to the sulcus terminalis. The sulcus terminalis is this V-shaped groove highlighted in green and it separates the anterior two-thirds of the tongue from the posterior third. 

它们只位于舌背沟前部，即舌界沟前的部分。舌界沟（见绿色突出显示部分）是这种V形的沟，它将舌的前 2/3 部分与后 1/3 部分分开。

The dorsum of the tongue is covered by mucosa and the lingual papillae are essentially projections of this mucosa that gives the tongue its rough surface. So here we can see the sulcus terminalis with the vallate papillae sitting anterior to it. 

舌背面被黏膜覆盖，舌乳头本质上是赋予舌粗糙表面的黏膜突起。在这里，我们可以看到舌界沟，及其前面的轮廓乳头。

The sulcus terminalis divides the root of the tongue from the body of the tongue. There are four types of lingual papillae – the filiform papillae, the fungiform papillae, the foliate papillae and the vallate papillae. 

舌界沟将舌根和舌体分开。舌乳头有 4 种类型：丝状乳头、菌状乳头、叶状乳头和轮廓乳头。

All of these papillae bear taste buds except for the filiform papillae which we are going to discuss first. So we're going to have a closer look at the filiform papillae by looking at this microscopic image of the tongue. 

所有这些乳头都含有味蕾，但我们将首先讨论的丝状乳头除外。我们将通过观察舌头的显微图像来更详细地讨论丝状乳头。

The filiform papillae are these cone-shaped projections here but they can also take a cylindrical shape. They cover most of the presulcal area of the dorsum of the tongue and they're the most numerous of the lingual papillae. 

丝状乳头是这些锥形突起，但它们也可能呈圆柱形。它们几乎遍布舌背沟前部，是数量最多的舌乳头。

The main function of the filiform papillae is to increase the friction between food and the tongue and facilitate movement of particles by the tongue. 

丝状乳头主要是为了增加食物与舌头之间的摩擦，促进食物颗粒通过舌头移动。

As stated previously, these papillae don’t contain taste buds, therefore, they don’t participate in taste perception. So, now, let's look at the fungiform papillae. 

如前所述，丝状乳头不含味蕾，因此，它们不参与味觉感知。现在，我们来看一下菌状乳头。

The fungiform papillae are more sparse than the filiform papillae and are larger and rounded in shape. In fact, their name relates to their mushroom-like shape that you can see here. They are mostly found on the tip and the sides of the tongue and contain taste buds on their upper surface.

菌状乳头比丝状乳头更稀少，更大，形状更钝圆。事实上，如我们所见，它们的名称与它们的蘑菇形状有关。它们大多位于舌尖和舌侧缘，上表面含有味蕾。

The third type of papillae we will look at today are the foliate papillae. The foliate papillae are vertical folds that are located bilaterally on the sides of the tongue near the sulcus terminalis. 

我们今天将学习的第三种乳头是叶状乳头。叶状乳头是位于舌界沟附近两侧缘的垂直皱褶。

They can be described as leaf-like ridges of mucosa and they contain numerous taste buds. The foliate papillae are not very abundant in the human tongue.

它们被描述为叶片状的黏膜皱襞，含有大量味蕾。人的舌头上的叶状乳头并不十分丰富。