双语字幕
Parotid Mass Removal
腮腺肿块切除
The parotid gland, one of the major salivary glands, is located in front of the ear. It is intimately associated with the facial nerve which originates from behind the ear, and spreads outward to innervate all the muscles of the face.
腮腺是主要的唾液腺之一，位于耳前区。它与面神经密切相关，面神经起自耳后，向外传播，支配所有的面部肌肉。
With any type of parotid gland surgery, anatomic knowledge of the facial nerve and its branches are essential in order to minimize risk of facial paralysis from any unintentional damage to the nerve.
行所有腮腺手术前，我们都必须熟练掌握面神经的解剖学知识及其分支，这能够最大限度地减少因神经意外损伤而导致面瘫的风险。
The main facial nerve trunk originates from behind and below the ear before it divides into 5 main branches.
面神经主干起自耳后和耳下方，然后分成 5 大分支。
The temporal branch controls the forehead muscle. The zygomatic branch helps close your eye. The buccal branch moves the upper lip to make a smile…
面神经颞支控制前额肌肉。颧支有助于闭合眼睛。颊支有助于移动上唇，露出微笑......
Whereas the marginal mandibular branch moves the lower lip to express a frown. The cervical branch controls the platysma muscle which covers the neck and chin.
而下颌缘支则有助于移动下唇，表达不满。颈支控制覆盖颈部和下巴的颈阔肌。
Most masses that develop in the parotid gland are due to benign tumors such as a pleomorphic adenoma or a Warthin's Tumor. Although non-cancerous, they do become larger over time and as such, are typically removed before it becomes disfiguring.
大多数腮腺肿块都是由多形性腺瘤或 Warthin 瘤等良性肿瘤引起的。尽管不是恶性的，但随着时间的推移，它们确实会变大，因此，我们通常在其毁坏容貌前进行切除。
More rarely, cancerous growths can also occur.
极罕见情况下，也会发生恶性肿物。
When a parotid mass is removed, the surgeon can not simply remove the growth without taking into consideration where the facial nerve branches are.
切除腮腺肿块时，医生必须充分了解患者面神经分支的位置，然后才能切除。
The parotid mass may be below the facial nerve. The facial nerve may even go through the parotid mass itself. Fortunately, the most common scenario is that the facial nerve branches get spread apart by the parotid mass.
腮腺肿块可能位于面神经下方。面神经甚至可能穿过腮腺肿块。值得庆幸的是，最常见的情况是腮腺肿块分离面神经分支。
In order to minimize risk of accidentally cutting the facial nerve resulting in paralysis, the surgeon must first carefully identify all branches of the facial nerve around the mass using careful dissection. Afterwards, the mass, only at this point, can be removed safely and confidently.
为将意外切断面神经导致瘫痪的风险降至最低，医生必须先仔细找寻分离肿块周围的所有面神经分支。然后，此时，才能有把握地安全切除肿块。
相关单词学习
Parotid
①发音和释义
pa•rot•id/pə'rɒtɪd/adj. 腮腺的
Of, pertaining to, or situated near either parotid.
单词 parotid 由下列成分构成
para-（前缀）旁
+
ot(o)-（前缀）耳
+
-（o）id（后缀）类似的，相像的
（图源：太帅图库）
Paralysis
pa•ral•y•sis/pəˈræləsɪs/n. 麻痹，瘫痪
A loss of or reduction in the ability to move or to feel a sensation in a body part.
单词 paralysis 由下列成分构成
para-（前缀）旁，侧
+
-lysis（后缀）分解，溶解，放松
（图源：太帅图库）
Zygomatic
zy•go•mat•ic/ˌzaɪgə'mætɪk/adj. 颧骨的
Of, pertaining to, or situated near the zygoma.
单词 zygomatic 由下列成分构成
zygomat- 颧骨
+
-ic（后缀）...…的
（图源：太帅图库）
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