Birth Defects
出生缺陷
We know the cause for some birth defects, but for most, we don't. That's because we think most birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors.
我们知道一些出生缺陷的病因,但对于大多数患者的病因,我们并不知道。这是因为我们知道大多数出生缺陷是由许多复杂的因素造成的。
There are some factors that can increase the chance of having a baby with a birth defect. These are called "risk factors," and include smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking certain street drugs during pregnancy.
有些因素会增加出生缺陷的发生几率。这些因素称为“风险因素”,包括妊娠期吸烟、喝酒,或者吸毒;
Having certain medical conditions such as obesity, or uncontrolled diabetes, taking certain medications, such as some acne drugs.
某些疾病,例如肥胖或糖尿病控制不佳,服用某些药物,如一些治疗痤疮的药物;
Having someone in your family with a birth defect, being an older mother, typically over 34, and exposure to some chemicals and viruses during pregnancy.
出生缺陷家族史,生育年龄较大(通常大于34岁),以及怀孕期间接触某些化学物品和病毒。
Having one or more of these factors doesn't necessarily mean your baby will have a birth defect.
存在 1 或多个因素并不代表孩子会发生出生缺陷。
It is important to talk to your doctor about what you can do to improve your chances to have a healthy baby.
重要的是要与医生交流,如何提高生育健康宝宝的概率。
关于出生缺陷,不得不了解的一些事实!
全球每年约有 24 万新生儿在出生后 28 天内因出生缺陷死亡!出生缺陷导致约 17 万 1个月到5岁的儿童死亡。
出生缺陷会导致长期残疾,对个人、家庭、医疗保健系统和社会造成重大损失。
9/10 患有严重出生缺陷的儿童来自中低收入国家。
随着新生儿和 5 岁以下儿童的死亡率下降,出生缺陷在新生儿和 5 岁以下儿童死亡原因中所占的比重越来越大。
最常见的严重出生缺陷是心脏缺陷、神经管缺陷和唐氏综合征。
(图源:太帅图库)
虽然出生缺陷可能是由 1 或多种遗传、传染、营养和环境因素导致的,但通常很难确定确切的病因。
有些出生缺陷可以预防!预防方法包括疫苗接种、主食强化或补充摄入足够的叶酸或碘,以及孕前和孕期充分的照护。
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