新刊 | 《哈佛亚洲学报》83卷第2号

King of Kings of China

Central Asian Political Imagination After the Fall of the Tang

震旦王中王：唐朝灭亡后中亚的政治想象

XIN WEN

ABSTRACT

As a reaction to the fall of the Tang dynasty (618–907), the kings of Khotan, a Middle Iranian-speaking oasis state in Central Asia, adopted Tang-style clothing, employed Chinese reign names, incorporated Chinese official titles in their government, and claimed to be “king of kings of China.” In this article, I uncover this previously overlooked story of Central Asian political imagination through an analysis of multilingual (Chinese, Khotanese, and Tibetan) excavated documents and mural paintings from Dunhuang caves. Unlike many other self-styled Tang successors in eastern Eurasia in the tenth century, the Khotanese kings’ claim is unique in its narrow adoption of the Tang legacy as first and foremost an imperial political apparatus. By creatively combining the Khotanese exogenous view of “China” with the understandings of Han, Tang, and zhongguo (central state) in their political language, the Khotanese kings crafted a uniquely non-dynastic way of imagining what “China” could mean.

摘要

唐朝灭亡之后，中亚的于阗国王开始着汉式服饰，用汉文年号纪年，并在其政府中采用唐宋时期的一些官职。从于阗文材料可知，于阗国王甚至曾经号称“震旦王中之王”。本文通过对多语言文献的讨论，揭示出这一段在中亚政治传统中，对于中国王权的重新想象。

(Early) Modern Forms of Chinese Literary Play

Database, Interface, and Iconic Characters in Outlaws of the Marsh and Gensō Suikoden

中国文学游戏的（早期）现代形式：《水浒传》和《幻想水浒传》中的数据库、界面和标志性人物

PAIZE KEULEMANS

ABSTRACT

The Ming-dynasty novel Outlaws of the Marsh famously tells the tale of 108 heroes who band together to fight official corruption from their hideout in the marshes of Mount Liang. In the sixteenth-century novel, these characters are firmly embedded in a narrative that poses the initial assembly and final disbanding of this group of heroes as inevitable. But can we also think of these characters outside of the necessity of plot and the demands of fate? This paper examines these questions through one of the most popular remediations of Outlaws, the Konami-produced Japanese video game series Gensō Suikoden. To do so, this study draws on terms often associated with contemporary digital culture—database, interface, and algorithm—to question our assumptions about the novel, in particular the way we have prioritized the structure of plot over the charismatic attraction of characters, whether as individuals or as a group of 108.

摘要

《水浒传》中的一百零八好汉诞生于宋江起义的历史背景以及明代的章回小说。但于古代读者而言，他们的人格魅力不局限于此。本文着眼于日本电子游戏《幻想水浒传》，通过现代数字文化来分析明代小说，解读其中独立于故事情节的特点进而探讨如何看待人物形象。

Stop the Presses!

Publishing Chinese Character Simplification, 1935–1936

停止！——1935-1936汉字简化字的发行

JEFFREY WENG

ABSTRACT

Simplified Chinese characters (jiantizi) were first implemented as official policy under the Nationalist government of the Republic of China in late 1935. Less than four months later, in early 1936, the policy was rescinded. Existing historiography emphasizes the role of conservative political opposition in simplification’s demise. However, the practical difficulties of simplification must also be considered. While promulgating simplification, the government also mandated the use of new phonetic annotations (zhuyin fuhao) in pedagogical publications. These two simultaneous demands on publishing companies imposed costs that neither the industry nor the government was willing to bear. Based on previously overlooked archival documents, along with examinations of the financial positions of the leading publishing firms and the national budget of China at the time, I argue that simplification’s failure should be attributed not only to political opposition but also to the material and economic constraints on the companies responsible for its implementation.

摘要

1935 年国民政府实施汉字简化政策，但旋即撤消。历史学家迄今强调政治力对此政策导致的影响，而忽略物质因素。当时政府要求全国教育出版物需标明注音，致使印刷成本爆增。本文将根据官方档案和出版业财务数据，论证汉字简化政策的失败除因政治因素，经济面受限为另一主因。

Chinese Historical Data in the Social Sciences: Three Cases

社会科学中的中国历史数据

PETER K. BOL

Hegemonic Masculinity and Neoliberalism in East Asian Media Cultures

东亚媒体文化中的霸权男性气质与新自由主义

DIANE WEI LEWIS

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Gods of Medieval Japan, by Bernard Faure

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FABIO RAMBELLI

Craft Culture in Early Modern Japan: Materials, Makers, and Mastery, by Christine M. E. Guth

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Green with Milk and Sugar: When Japan Filled America’s Tea Cups, by Robert Hellyer

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A Proximate Remove: Queering Intimacy and Loss in the Tale of Genji, by Reginald Jackson

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J. KEITH VINCENT

Hegemonic Mimicry: Korean Popular Culture of the Twenty-First Century, by Kyung Hyun Kim

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GOOYONG KIM

Honor and Shame in Early China, by Mark Edward Lewis

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LUKE HABBERSTAD

Brushed in Light: Calligraphy in East Asian Cinema, by Markus Nornes

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PETER C. PUGSLEY

Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia, by Victor Seow

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RUTH ROGASKI

Language, Nation, Race: Linguistic Reform in Meiji Japan (1868–1912), by Atsuko Ueda

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