加拿大野生羊肚菌-森林大火过后荒野林地诞生的瑰宝
在加拿大野火荒野中收获数千计的羊肚菌
Harvesting 1000s of morel mushrooms in the Canadian wildfire wilderness
羊肚菌，即真正的羊肚菌，是一种可食用的囊菌属，与盘菌目（子囊菌门）中结构更简单的杯菌密切相关。这些独特的菌类由于菌盖由带凹坑的脊状网络组成，因此具有蜂窝状外观。羊肚菌深受美食厨师的青睐，尤其是在加泰罗尼亚和法国美食中，但如果生吃或未煮熟食用可能会中毒。由于种植困难，野生羊肚菌的商业采摘已成为温带北半球数百万美元的产业，尤其是在北美、土耳其、中国、喜马拉雅山、印度和巴基斯坦，这些地方盛产这种备受推崇的菌类。
Morchella, the true morels, is a genus of edible sac fungi closely related to anatomically simpler cup fungi in the order Pezizales (division Ascomycota). These distinctive fungi have a honeycomb appearance due to the network of ridges with pits composing their caps. Morels are prized by gourmet cooks, particularly in Catalan and French cuisine, but can be toxic if consumed raw or undercooked. Due to difficulties in cultivation, commercial harvesting of wild morels has become a multimillion-dollar industry in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in particular North America, Turkey, China, the Himalayas, India, and Pakistan where these highly prized fungi are found in abundance.
该属于 1794 年被命名为 Morchella esculenta，多年来一直是分类学争议的源头，主要是关于其所含物种的数量，一些真菌学家只识别出三种物种，而另一些则识别出三十多种。目前的分子系统发育学表明，全世界可能有七十多种 Morchella，其中大多数表现出较高的大陆特有性和地方性。
Typified by Morchella esculenta in 1794, the genus has been the source of considerable taxonomical controversy throughout the years, mostly with regard to the number of species involved, with some mycologists recognising as few as three species and others over thirty. Current molecular phylogenetics suggest there might be over seventy species of Morchella worldwide, most of them exhibiting high continental endemism and provincialism.
该属目前是广泛的系统发育、生物地理学、分类学和命名学研究的焦点，并且已描述了来自澳大利亚、加拿大、塞浦路斯、以色列、西班牙和土耳其的几种新物种。
The genus is currently the focus of extensive phylogenetic, biogeographical, taxonomical and nomenclatural studies, and several new species have been described from Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Israel, Spain, and Turkey.
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