北京市核心区机动车大气污染物动态排放特征及控制对策
Dynamic emission characteristics and control strategies of air pollutants from motor vehicles in downtown Beijing, China
Yan Shen, Tongran Wu, Aiping Lian, Jie Gao, Fei Peng, Guohua Song, Xuefang Wu, Yangyang Cui, Xinyu Liu, Yunfei Wan, Jing Yan*, Yifeng Xue*
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.019
摘要
本研究综合了交通流的实时监测和典型调查，较为系统地分析了北京市核心区道路交通流分布和动态车辆结构情况。建立了2021年北京市核心区机动车主要大气污染物动态排放清单，模拟和量化了其对空气质量的影响，设置了多种污染减排控制情景和措施，并评估其环境改善效果。结果表明，北京市核心区总体车流量大、早晚高峰密集和拥堵是机动车排放污染贡献较大的主要原因。北京市核心区交通流量以小型客车为主，车辆结构较为清洁，国五及以上标准的车辆占比72%，但也存在一定比例的高排放车辆行驶情况。面向更高的空气质量目标，还需要进一步提高车辆清洁化程度。基于动态的车流量核算，核心区机动车氮氧化物（NOX）、颗粒物（PM2.5）和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）日均排放量分别为17.7吨、0.6吨和14.0吨，约占全市机动车日均排放量23.0%。若核心区实施机动车零排放区，污染物年平均排放水平将降低10.4%-21.0%，可有效改善北京市核心区空气质量。
亮点
建立了一套机动车动态排放清单核算方法，量化了区域机动车动态排放及时空分布情况，模拟了其对空气质量的影响。基于持续空气质量改善需求，考虑和设置了多种机动车污染控制方案，量化评估了机动车零排放区的环境改善效果。研究结果可为生态环境部门制定规划和控制措施提供参考和支撑。
Abstract
This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing. A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown Beijing in 2021 was established, and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified, and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution emissions. The results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown Beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle pollution. Monitoring data shows that traffic flow in central Beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles, while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions, with 72.0% of vehicles meeting "National V" or higher emission standards. However, to achieve higher air quality goals, further reducing vehicle emissions is necessary. Based on dynamic traffic flow, the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matters (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from motor vehicles in central Beijing are 17.7 tons, 0.6 tons and 14.0 tons, respectively, accounting for 23.0% of the city’s average daily motor vehicle emissions. If a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central Beijing, the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4% to 21.0%. The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of Beijing.
作者简介
第一作者
沈岩，硕士毕业于北京市生态环境保护科学研究院环境工程专业。攻读硕士学位期间，从事机动车大气污染防治课题研究，以第一作者和共同作者发表论文6篇，参与了1项地方标准修订。现就职于北京市大兴区兴丰街道办事处，开展辖区内生态环境保护工作。
通讯作者
薛亦峰博士，北京市生态环境保护科学研究院研究员，主要从事移动源污染防治及政策研究。作为负责人承担了30余项课题研究，以一作或通讯作者发表论文40余篇，授权专利3项，负责和参与了12项国家、行业和地方标准制修订。获环境保护科学技术奖、中华环保联合会杰出青年奖和中国环境科学学会青年科技奖等奖项和荣誉。
原文链接
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074223000220
引用格式
Yan Shen, Tongran Wu, Aiping Lian, Jie Gao, Fei Peng, Guohua Song, Xuefang Wu, Yangyang Cui, Xinyu Liu, Yunfei Wan, Jing Yan, Yifeng Xue, 2024. Dynamic emission characteristics and control strategies of air pollutants from motor vehicles in downtown Beijing, China. J. Environ. Sci. 136, 637-646.
