OPEN建筑事务所设计
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由OPEN建筑事务所设计的时光塔位于山东烟台黄渤海新区金沙滩海边，是一座多功能的公共文化建筑，包括室外剧场、空中图书馆、数字展廊、咖啡休闲等功能，顶部还有一个独特的半室外“现象空间”。考古发现表明，这里是中国最早产生拜日文化的地区之一。OPEN设计的时光塔捕捉和庆祝自然现象，重新建立人们与自然精神力量的联系，同时为新城区带来急需的文化和公共设施。数字展览空间和图书馆旨在促进沿海社区合作的讨论，提高环保意识。Designed by OPEN Architecture, Sun Tower is an oceanfront public cultural facility in Yantai Yeda Development Zone, featuring outdoor theater, digital exhibition spaces, library, café and bar. Atop the summit is a unique semi-outdoor "Phenomena Space". Archeological discoveries revealed that Yantai was among the earliest places in China where ancient sun-worshiping culture emerged. OPEN designed the Sun Tower to capture and celebrate natural phenomena, re-establishing people's connection with nature's spiritual power while bringing much-needed cultural and communal facilities to the new urban district. The digital exhibition spaces and the library are intended to foster discussions on coastal community collaboration and raise environmental awareness.![]()
时光塔的几何形状是由从场地的有利位置观察到的太阳运动雕刻而成的。建筑外壳的北部边缘与正午分点的阳光平行。室外剧院的轴线指向夏至时传说中的芝府岛的日出，而入口隧道则指向冬至时的日落。屋顶的圆形轮廓与夏至正午的阳光垂直。The geometry of Sun Tower is sculpted by the movement of the sun observed from the vantage point of the site. The northern edge of the building's outer shell is parallel to the noon sunlight on the equinoxes. The outdoor theater's axis points towards sunrise over the legendary Zhifu Island on summer solstice, while the entrance tunnel aligns with sunset on the winter solstice. The roof's circular outline lies on a plane perpendicular to midday sunlight on the summer solstice.![]()
建筑内的大部分空间在夏季都不使用空调。相反，设计主要依靠被动式策略来保持室内舒适度，同时大幅降低能耗。这些策略包括采用隧道冷却法提供新鲜空气、利用热质量减少室内温度波动、诱导交叉通风以及利用烟囱效应排出热空气，通过增强室内气流有效扩大人们的舒适区。Most spaces in the building are not air-conditioned during summer. Instead, the design relies heavily on passive strategies to maintain interior comfort while significantly reducing energy consumption. These strategies include employing tunnel cooling for fresh air supply, using thermal mass to reduce indoor temperature fluctuation, inducing cross ventilation, and utilizing chimney effect to remove hot air, effectively expanding people's comfort zone through enhanced indoor airflow.![]()
建筑采用壳体结构。两层白色混凝土外壳构成主体，由楼板和坡道连接并支撑。建筑面向大海，内凹的外壳就像一个声音收集器，吸收并放大来自大海的声音。其底部是一个半室外剧院，也是休闲和观海的场所。内层顶端有一个较小的倒置外壳，里面是图书馆和现象空间。图书馆提供传统和数字图书。在天空和海洋下阅读是一种非常独特的体验。现象空间是一个半室外的空旷空间，故意不加界定。它的水平开口面向大海，可将壮观的景色尽收眼底。屋顶中央的穹窿开口允许雨水进入，并被一个小水池收集。从每天早上 5 点到晚上 9 点，水池中的水每小时旋转 9 分钟，起到特殊的计时作用。The building features shell structure. Two layers of white concrete shells form the main body, connected and braced by slabs and ramps. Facing the ocean, the concave inner shell of the building acts as a sound collector, absorbing and amplifying sounds from the sea. At its base is a semi-outdoor theater which also serves as a place for relaxation and sea observation. A smaller upside-down shell atop the inner shell houses the library and the Phenomena Space. The library offers both traditional and digital books. Reading under the sky and above the sea is a very unique experience. The phenomena space is a semi-outdoor void space left intentionally undefined. Its horizontal opening facing the ocean frames a spectacular view. The oculus opening at the center of the roof allows rainwater to enter and be captured by a small pool. The water in the pool swirls for 9 minutes every hour, from 5 am to 9 pm each day, working as a special time device.![]()
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在建筑的中部，内层和外层之间是数字展览空间，沿着坡道呈 “之 ”字形向上延伸。新技术使展览内容可以轻松更换。内部墙壁上有一部分扎孔经过精心处理，但尚未填充，可以用来悬挂物品。此外，天花板上还战略性地嵌入了几对悬挂点。In the middle of the building, between the inner and outer shells is the Digital Exhibition Space, which zigzags upwards along the ramps. New technologies enable the exhibition contents to be easily changed. A portion of the tie holes in the interior walls are carefully treated but unfilled in so that they can be used to hang objects. Additionally, there are also pairs of hanging points strategically embedded into the ceilings.![]()
建筑坐落在一个贝壳状的广场上。塔楼的足迹与露天剧场的舞台构成了一个完整的圆。在不进行表演时，舞台就会变成一个有水雾和喷泉的区域。广场的地面从舞台向外升起，面向大海，形成一个大型室外露天剧场。从广场中心向外辐射的是一系列椭圆形的圆环，就像行星的轨道。一条水道与塔相切，雕刻在石质广场上，标志着春分时节的时间流逝--塔北边的影子正好沿着水道移动，与每个椭圆环相交于每小时。在外环的一段内嵌有庆祝传统农历二十四节气的喷泉。平日里，喷泉的喷水与海水的涨潮和退潮同步。The building sits on a seashell-shaped plaza. The tower's footprint together with the stage of the outdoor theater completes a full circle. When not in use for performances, the stage becomes an area with mist and fountains. The plaza's floor rises outwards from the stage towards the sea, forming a large outdoor amphitheater. Radiating from the center of the plaza is a series of elliptical rings, resembling planetary orbits. A water channel, tangent to the tower and carved into the stone plaza, marks the passing of time on the equinoxes—the shadow of the tower's northern edge moves exactly along the channel, intersecting each elliptical ring on the hour. Embedded in a segment of the outer ring are fountains celebrating the 24 Solar Terms of the traditional lunar calendar. On normal days, the fountains' sprays synchronize with the sea's high and low tides.![]()
总之，太阳塔作为一种建筑类型是很特别的，它是一座文化 “灯塔”，在这里，尊重自然的古老智慧与当代城市文化生活融为一体。建筑将无形的能量--空气、光线、声音和自然现象--定格并转化为有形和直观的体验，让人们与宇宙和大自然的无尽循环建立联系。Overall, Sun Tower is special as a building typology, it is a cultural "lighthouse" where ancient wisdom in respecting nature is integrated with contemporary urban cultural life. The architecture frames and transforms invisible energies—air, light, sound, and natural phenomena—into tangible and visceral experiences, allowing people to establish moments of connection with the universe and otherwise endless cycles of nature.
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剖面图功能：室外剧场，数字展廊，图书馆，咖啡厅，现象空间设计团队：设计阶段：曹梦醒, 刘晓阳（不分先后），中山大二郎，卢笛，文芃，魏子皓，张紫峣，林靖然，关帼盈，毕舜劼，Giovanni Zorzi, Anastasia Maslova施工阶段：卢笛，中山大二郎，王东升，刘丹笛，汤钧涵消防特殊设计顾问：中国建筑科学研究院建筑防火研究所本资料声明：
1.本文为建筑设计技术分析，仅供欣赏学习。
2.本资料为要约邀请，不视为要约，所有政府、政策信息均来源于官方披露信息，具体以实物、政府主管部门批准文件及买卖双方签订的商品房买卖合同约定为准。如有变化恕不另行通知。
3.因编辑需要，文字和图片无必然联系，仅供读者参考；
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