美国提议禁止中国联网汽车
US proposes ban on Chinese connected vehicles
华盛顿以国家安全为由，提议禁止销售或进口中国和俄罗斯联网汽车。
Washington has proposed a ban on the sale or import of connected vehicles from China and Russia citing national security concerns.
美国商务部称，车辆互联系统（VCS）和自动驾驶系统（ADS）等技术在安全和支持驾驶员方面带来了好处，但也带来“新的、不断增长的威胁”。
According to the US Department of Commerce, technologies such as vehicle connectivity system (VCS) and automated driving system (ADS) provide benefits in terms of safety and supporting drivers, but also pose “new and growing threats.”
VCS可通过蓝牙、蜂窝电话、卫星和Wi-Fi模块等方式将车辆与外部世界连接起来，而ADS可让高度自动驾驶的车辆在没有司机驾驶的情况下运行。
VCS connects the vehicle to the outside world, including via Bluetooth, cellular, satellite, and Wi-Fi modules, while ADS allows highly autonomous vehicles to operate without a driver behind the wheel.
该部门称，这些技术提供了“收集和利用敏感信息的机会”。例如，它们可以捕获有关地理区域或关键基础设施的信息，这意味着“恶意行为者”可以“破坏基础设施或车辆本身的运行”。
The department says these technologies provide “opportunities to collect and exploit sensitive information.” For example, they can capture information about geographic areas or critical infrastructure, meaning that “malicious actors” could “disrupt the operations of infrastructure or the vehicles themselves,” it adds.
政府表示，从中国和俄罗斯进口的此类技术对国家安全构成了“特别严重的威胁”。
Such technologies imported from China and Russia present “particularly acute threats” to national security, the government says.
Kallanish（开阑商务信息咨询）Power Materials报道，拟议的规则包括限制进口或销售使用VCS和ADS软件的联网汽车，以及VCS硬件设备的进口。不过，某些方面，如小型车辆生产商，可以“作为例外”获得豁免，以尽量减少对行业的干扰。
The proposed rule includes restrictions on imports or sales of connected vehicles using VCS and ADS software, as well as imports of VCS hardware equipment,Kallanish Power Materials reports. However, certain parties, such as small producers of vehicles, could be exempted “on an exceptional basis” to minimise disruption to industry.
对软件的禁令将从2027车型年开始生效，对硬件的禁令将从2030车型年开始生效。
The bans on software would take effect from Model Year 2027, and the prohibitions on hardware from Model Year 2030.
中国外交部发言人说：“作为一项原则，我想强调的是，中方反对美方将国家安全概念泛化，反对对中国企业和产品的歧视性做法。我们敦促美方尊重市场原则，为中国企业提供公开、公平、透明、非歧视的营商环境。中方将坚定维护自身合法权益。”
China’sforeign ministry spokesperson says: “As a principle, I want to emphasise that China opposes the US generalisation of the concept of national security and discriminatory practices against Chinese companies and products. We urge the US to respect market principles and provide Chinese companies with an open, fair, transparent, and non-discriminatory business environment. China will firmly safeguard its legitimate rights and interests.”
汽车创新联盟总裁兼首席执行官John Bozzella评论说：“在当今的互联汽车供应链中，从中国进入美国的技术（硬件或软件）实际上很少。但这项规定将要求汽车制造商在某些情况下寻找替代供应商。”
John Bozzella, president and ceo of Alliance for Automotive Innovation, comments:“There’s actually very little technology – hardware or software – in today’s connected vehicle supply chain that enters the US from China. But this rule will require auto manufacturers in some cases to find alternate suppliers.”
Bozzella补充道：“你不可能在一夜之间按下开关，改变世界上最复杂的供应链。这需要时间。拟议规则中包含的准备时间将允许一些汽车制造商完成所需的过渡，但对其他制造商来说可能时间太短。”
“You can’t just flip a switch and change the world’s most complex supply chain overnight. It takes time,” Bozzella adds. “The lead time included in the proposed rule will allow some auto manufacturers to make the required transition but may be too short for others.”
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