在2024年世界学者杯第14期WSC Weekly栏目中，我们与小学者一起探究了反AI检测器的原理和可靠性。在上期的Quiz中，你是否找到了正确答案？现在就让我们一起来揭晓吧！
点此查看上期话题
AI生成内容检测器，真的靠谱吗？
Are AI-generated text detectors reliable?
上期答案：
According to Professor James Zou from Stanford University, which of the following works is most likely to be detected as AI-generated? 根据斯坦福大学的 James Zou 教授，以下哪种作品最有可能被检测出是人工智能生成的？
A) An English essay written by a primary student born in US 美国小学生写的英语作文
B) A Chinese essay written by a Chinese middle school student一篇由中国中学生写的中文作文
C) An exam paper copied from another student抄袭其他学生的试卷
D) A post written by ChatGPT using complexity-enhancing prompts ChatGPT 使用复杂性增强提示写的帖子
E) An English paper written by a Japanese PhD student一位日本博士生撰写的英文论文
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2024 WSC Weekly· 15期
没地方建发电厂？那就建在停车场里吧
Why not build solar farms in
parking lots?
太阳能发电站是大量光伏太阳能电池板的集合，这些电池板吸收太阳能量，将其转化为电能，然后将电能输送到电网，供用户分配和使用。这种供电方式无需化石燃料，也不会像一般发电厂那样向大气中排放有害气体，有助于应对气候变化和减少碳足迹。 然而，近年来，在美国和欧洲，许多此类太阳能项目因当地人的反对而受阻，因为人们通常不愿意在自己的社区附近安装大型太阳能装置。由于这类发电场通常建设在农村地区，它们会破坏农田、影响当地生态系统并改变景观。此外，将电力从偏远地区传输到城市中心需要昂贵的基础设施，而这些基础设施在视觉上可能并不美观，而且效率低下。
A solar farm is a large collection of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels that absorb energy from the sun, convert it into electricity, and send that electricity to the power grid for distribution and consumption by customers. Such solar farms are an excellent way to distribute electricity to the power grid without fossil fuels or releasing harmful emissions into the atmosphere like a typical power plant, contributing to the fight against climate change and reducing the carbon footprint. However, in recent years, many such solar projects have been blocked in the U.S. and Europe due to local opposition, as people are often reluctant to have large solar installations near their communities. People don’t like these projects, which are frequently proposed in rural areas, because they can disrupt agricultural land, impact local ecosystems, and alter the landscape. Additionally, the need to transmit electricity from remote locations to urban centers requires expensive infrastructure, which can be visually unappealing and inefficient.
不过，法国似乎对此问题已经有了新的答案：将全国各地的停车场变成太阳能发电站。2022年，法国参议院通过了一项措施，要求停车位超过 80 个的停车场必须安装太阳能电池板天棚，至少覆盖一半的停车位。如果该法案生效，那么拥有 80-400 个停车位的小型停车场需要在 2028 年之前达到要求，而拥有 400 个以上停车位的停车场必须在 2026 年之前达到要求。
However, France seems to have a new answer: turning its parking spaces into solar farms all around the country. In 2022, a measure that requires new and existing lots with more than 80 spots to have solar panel canopies covering at least half of the parking spaces has been adopted by the French Senate. Smaller parking lots with 80–400 places will be granted until 2028; parking lots with more than 400 spaces must comply by 2026, if the bill takes effect.
与传统的农村太阳能发电站相比，停车场太阳能发电站具有许多优势。停车场通常面积大、地势平坦，而且白天大部分时间无人使用，因此非常适合在不占用额外土地的情况下实现两用。由于停车场通常靠近能源需求大的城区，在那里发电可以减少长途输电的需要，而长途输电成本高、效率低，而且容易造成能源损失。此外，用太阳能顶棚覆盖停车场可以避免农村太阳能发电站对农业和生态系统造成的环境影响。从美学角度看，太阳能电池板也可以美化停车场的大型沥青地面的外观。
Compared with traditional rural solar farms, solar canopies in parking lots have many advantages. Parking lots are often large, flat, and unused for much of the day, making them ideal for dual-purpose use without taking up additional land. Since parking lots are typically close to energy-demanding urban areas, generating power there reduces the need for long-distance transmission, which can be costly, inefficient, and prone to energy loss. Besides, covering parking lots with solar canopies avoids the environmental impact of rural solar farms on agriculture and ecosystems. Aesthetically, solar panels enhance rather than detract from the often unattractive look of large asphalt lots.
“将停车场改造成太阳能发电站还能带来发电以外的其他好处。有顶棚的太阳能电池板可以为停放的车辆提供遮阳，在炎热的天气里减少对空调的需求，并在雨雪天气为车辆提供遮蔽。此外，它们还可以支持电动汽车（EV）充电站，允许电动汽车在车主购物或工作的时间内充电，并通过将多余的能量储存在汽车电池中来帮助平衡电网。这些储存的能量随后可以在需求高峰时输送给电网，不过这需要双向充电和智能自动化设备。
Turning parking lots into solar farms can offer additional benefits beyond energy production. Covered solar canopies can provide shade for parked vehicles, reducing the need for air conditioning in hot weather and providing shelter from rain or snow. Furthermore, they could support electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, allowing EVs to charge during shopping or work hours and potentially help balance the grid by storing excess energy in vehicle batteries. This stored energy could later be fed back to the grid during peak demand, though this requires bidirectional charging equipment and smart automation.
虽然停车场为太阳能装置提供了广阔的空间，但是一些实际操作上的挑战可能会降低这一方案的可行性和效率。例如，附近的高大建筑物可能会造成过多遮挡，尤其是在日照角度较低的北方地区，从而导致到达电池板的阳光减少。此外，一些工程专家认为，电池板反射可能会造成眩光问题，从而影响邻近建筑甚至附近道路上的驾驶员。 另一个主要问题是成本。由于需要支撑结构，在停车场安装太阳能篷的成本远远高于地面或屋顶安装。在没有激励或补贴的情况下，不确定有多少停车场经营者会自愿安装这些太阳能篷。为了抵消成本，停车场经营者可以通过为电动汽车提供充电服务或在业务运营中使用太阳能蓬所产生的电力来获得潜在收入。
Although parking lots provide promising space for solar installations, some practical challenges could impact their feasibility and efficiency. For example, tall buildings nearby may create too much shade, especially in northern regions with lower sun angles, leading to less sunlight reaching the panels. Additionally, panel reflections could cause glare issues, potentially affecting neighboring buildings or even drivers on nearby roads, as highlighted by engineering experts. Another primary concern is the cost. Setting up solar canopies in parking lots costs significantly more than ground or rooftop installations due to the required supporting structures. Without incentives or subsidies, it’s uncertain how many operators will voluntarily install these canopies. To offset costs, parking lot owners could potentially earn revenue by charging for EV charging or by using the generated electricity in their business operations.
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Quiz 题目：
Which of the following parking lots is most suitable for building a solar farm? 以下哪个停车场最适合建成太阳能发电站？
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
To WSC Scholars:
2024世界学者杯
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