今日外刊来源
今日外刊原文
背景：
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在现代社会中备受关注，英格兰约有4%的人口受其影响，儿童中相关比例更是高达10-15%。然而，目前对ADHD的二元诊断方式带来诸多问题，一方面使医疗系统不堪重负，评估等待时间过长，特殊教育需求系统也面临巨大压力；另一方面，将其视为需要纠正的功能障碍，可能导致人才潜力的浪费，给患者带来焦虑和抑郁。但科学研究表明，ADHD症状存在广泛的严重程度差异，并非简单的 “有或无”。对于多数症状较轻者，调整环境以发挥其优势更为重要且经济。本文将探讨如何通过适应神经多样性，如在学校和工作场所进行调整，来更好地帮助 ADHD 患者，而非单纯依赖医疗手段，从而促进他们充分发挥潜力，实现个人价值并融入社会。
正文
ADHD should not be treated as a disorder
Not long ago, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was thought to affect only school-aged boys—the naughty ones who could not sit still in class and were always getting into trouble. Today the number of ADHD diagnoses is rising fast in all age groups, with some of the biggest increases in young and middle-aged women. The figures are staggering. Some 2m people in England, 4% of the population, are thought to have ADHD, says the Nuffield Trust, a think-tank. Its symptoms often overlap with those of autism, dyslexia and other conditions that, like ADHD, are thought to be caused by how the brain develops. All told, 10-15% of children have patterns of attention and information-processing that belong to these categories.
At the moment, ADHD is treated as something you either have or you don’t. This binary approach to diagnosis has two consequences. The first is that treating everyone as if they are ill fills up health-care systems. Waiting lists for ADHD assessments in England are up to ten years long; the special-needs education system is straining at the seams. The second consequence occurs when ADHD is treated as a dysfunction that needs fixing. This leads to a terrible waste of human potential. Forcing yourself to fit in with the “normal” is draining and can cause anxiety and depression.
The binary view of ADHD is no longer supported by science. Researchers have realised that there is no such thing as the “ADHD brain”. The characteristics around which the ADHD diagnostic box is drawn—attention problems, impulsivity, difficulty organising daily life—span a wide spectrum of severity, much like ordinary human traits. For those at the severe end, medication and therapy can be crucial for finishing school or holding on to a job, and even life-saving, by suppressing symptoms that lead to accidents.
标题：经济学人 | 多动症不应被视为一种障碍
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