高考英语最后一课

文摘 2024-06-01 08:48 湖南

考前最后一课

【听力做题技巧】

听力不管什么内容，听前预读预判，听时抓关键记要点。

（一）先读后听，预测大致

（二）简便记录，便于辨别

人物、事件、时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、数字、选择等重要的信息

（三）运用排除，快速答题

1、文中完全没有提及的选项

2、与文中所描述完全相反的选项

3、不符合所常识逻辑的选择

（四）抓关键词，击破考点

（五）抓住主旨，重首尾句

解答主旨题型时候要着眼于句首，解答细节问题就要着眼于中间部分

【要点分析】

Ⅰ：推理判断

Ⅱ：数字

听力题的数字题型一般主要是：电话号码、时间、日期、年龄、价格、运算、人数等

通常出现来数字题型就要注意！一般是要简单的计算。

Ⅲ：地点

地点题型一般分为确定地点和猜测地点

Ⅳ：人物及关系

人物及关系题一般主要考察谈话一方所从事的职业或考察判断对话者的关系

Ⅴ：方案与实施

方案与实施题一般是问做什么

人名/性别要重视，注意动作发生的时间顺序

【阅读理解的解题技巧】

阅读不管什么样的题型文章信息才是解题的根本依据！

一、细节理解型

（1）一一对应型。

（2）语言转述型。

（3）语意理解型。

（4）是非辨别型。

A. 细节理解题主要设问的方式有：

（1）Which of the following statements is True (Not True)?

（2）Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage?

（3）What is the reason that …?

（4）What do we know about…?

（5）How did the people know …?

（6）Why was … so important to …?

B. 细节理解题主要的答题策略有：

（1）细心审题，直接就题找答案。

（2）变通理解，间接转述找答案。

（3）多点归纳，综合事实找答案。

二、主旨大意型

（1）语言特点：归纳性、概括性、抽象性；

（2）位置特点：主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词”后，如：in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but, however, nevertheless,Hence等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精炼。

A．主旨大意主要的设题方式有：

（1）Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?

（2）The best headline for this newspaper article is ____.

（3）What is the topic of the text?

（4）The text is mainly about ______.

（5）What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph？

（6）What would be the best title for the text？

B．主旨大意主要的解题策略有：

（1）标题类。短小精悍；精确性强。

（2）主旨类。先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句；无明显主题句，通过关键词句来概括。作者的观点体现全文中心。

三、词义猜测型

A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有：

（1）The underlined words "took off " in paragraph 2 mean "_____".

（2）What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?

（3）The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.

（4）Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph?

（5）The underlined phrase " turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably mean _______.

（6）By saying " We need them yesterday "(paragraph 7),Stover means that snakelike robots _______.

B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。

策略1：依据标点符号猜测词义标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。

如，破折号（ --- ）、冒号 ( ： ) 常常起解释说明的功能，引号（‘'）和（ ( ) ）有时也起到相同的作用。

策略2：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义

策略3：依据下定义，作解释、打比喻等猜测词义

策略4：依据逻辑推理猜测词义

四、推理判断型

（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；

（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；

（3）目的、意图、态度推断。推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；

（4）预测想象推断。要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。

推理判断主要的设题方式有：

（1）It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（2）It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（3）It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（4）It implies that…

（5）Where would you most probably find this passage?

（6）What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?

推理判断主要的解题策略有：

（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。

（2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。

（3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。

（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。

五、篇章结构型

篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：

（1）How is the passage organized?

（2）Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?

（3）What will the author most probably talk about next?

（4）The author develops the passage mainly by _________.

（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.

（6）The example of … is given to show/illustrate that__________.

篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：

（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。

（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。

（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。

【七选五解题技巧】

七选五不管何种类型，文章首句，填空处上下句永远是关键！

一、词汇同现型

　　词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

二、代词指代型

　英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

三、逻辑关系型

根据上下文的语境及逻辑关系进行推理找到正确答案是阅读填空最常见的命题形式。试题中常出现的表示逻辑关系的词及短语通常有以下四类：

　(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more

　(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course

　(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of

(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体

【完形填空的解题技巧】

技巧1　首句理解

首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。一般来说，记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W(when，where，who，what)，说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。

技巧2　行文逻辑

句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。

技巧3　词汇复现

一、原词或同根词复现：原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。

二、同义词或近义词复现：同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。

三、反义词复现

四、结构复现：有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复，可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。

技巧4　完形填空技巧之习惯搭配

动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。

【语法填空解题技巧】

注意考点分布规律，谨记一句一谓！

解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。

（1）词汇层面

方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。

方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。

方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。

方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。

方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。

方法6：当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。

（2）句子层面

方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。

方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。

方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。

方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。

（3）篇章意义层面

方法：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。

【应用文写作的解题技巧】

掌握好各类话题的基本结构这是基本，在基本之上做以下事情：

【使用高级词汇】

1. “晚”词优先

学得“晚”的词汇，能够体现出考生学以致用的意识。如： adj.重要的低分词：important ------ 高分词：vital (至关重要的)、essential (必不可少的)、significant (有重要意义的)

2.短语优先

　 v. 拜访低分词：visit 高分表达：pay a visit to

利用“形容词= of +同根名词”，将常见形容词替换为短语

　有价值的低分词：valuable 高分表达：be of great value

3. “具体化”单词优先

Mr. Wang is a good teacher.

Mr. Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.

4.大纲词汇的衍生词优先

adj. 不开心的低分词：sad 高分词：discouraged (气馁的)、depressed (沮丧的)、downhearted (垂头丧气的)、low-spirited(意志消沉的)

【使用较复杂结构】

1. 用高级形式的简单句。

(1)在简单句中尝试使用“with+宾语(+宾补)”结构。

With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down.脑子里有这么多的工作，我几乎崩溃了。

(2)在简单句中尝试使用非谓语动词。

Our head teacher is enthusiastic about working, helping us release our academic pressure.

我们的班主任对工作热情，帮助我们缓解学业压力。

(3)使用独立主格结构

With English words getting popular in both media and daily life,a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.”

随着英语词汇在媒体和日常生活中变得越来越普遍，汉语字典收录了239个新英语词汇，致使公众对此产生了赞成和反对的两派。

(4）在简单句中尝试使用形容词作宾语补足语。

She made me happy from extreme depression to optimism.她让我开心起来，由极为消沉变得乐观。

2. 用高级形式的并列句。

(1)尝试使用“祈使句+and you’ll do ...”句型。

Our monitor encouraged me, saying：“Use your head, and you’ll have a good idea.”班长鼓励我说：“动动脑筋，你就会有办法的。”

(2)尝试使用并列宾语从句。

The teacher said(that) we should develop both physically and mentally and that we should do well both academically and socially.老师说我们应该身心全面发展，还说我们应该学习好并和同学相处好。

(3)有意识地使用“but, while, or, otherwise”等。

3. 使用主从复合句。

(1)名词性从句。

What we should realize is that successful English learners are very active during the lectures.

我们应该意识到成功的英语学习者上课是很主动的。(主语从句和表语从句)

There’s no doubt that the school uniform should be designed to make the students look young and energetic because no one likes to wear clothes with out-of-date designs.

毫无疑问，校服的设计应该让同学们看起来富有青春活力，因为没有人喜欢穿设计过时的服装。(同位语从句)

(2)非限制性定语从句。

Private tutoring has a lot of advantages, among which releasing the children’s academic pressure is the most important point. 家教有一些好处，其中帮助孩子缓解学业压力是最重要的一点。(非限制性定语从句)

As we all know, the cause of insomnia is complicated as well as various.众所周知，失眠的原因复杂而多样。(定语从句)

(3)状语从句。

You are not stupid. Even though/Even if you are slow in study, you shouldn’t give up your studies.你并不愚笨，即使你学得慢一点，也不应该放弃学习。(让步状语从句)

4. 固定句型的使用。

(1)强调句。

It was in great difficulty that I developed my self-dignity and my own sense of achievement.正是在困难中我培养了自尊和成就感。

(2)倒装句。

Only when we really realize the great significance of doing housework can we enjoy the pleasure in doing it.只有我们真正认识到做家务的意义，我们才能享受做家务的乐趣。

(3)it作形式主语或形式宾语。

It takes me some time to memorize vocabulary but I find it worthwhile.每天记单词花掉我一些时间，但我发现这是值得的。

5.综合使用高级句式

（1）分词和从句并用

Given the choice,I would make donations to those who still live under the bottom line of the modern living condition. 如果有机会，我会捐助那些仍然生活在现代生活底层的人们。

I am really proud of this experience, because it helps me realise that we all can fulfill our potential and achieve our goals through hard work, it also helps me better understand the proverb "Practice makes perfect".

我真的以这次经历而感到自豪，因为它不仅帮助我认识到了我们都能通过我们的努力挖掘出我们的潜能并实现我们的目标，它还帮助我更好地理解了“熟能生巧”这个谚语。

In our life we may meet many failures,as long as we try our best, there’s no need feeling regret for these failures. 在我们的生活中，我们可能会遇到许多失败，只要我们努力了，我们没有必要为那些失败而后悔。

Generally speaking , we are busy reviewing and preparing for it the moment we enter senior three ,which is considered a vital period .

一般地说，我们一进入高三就忙于复习和为高考做准备，这被认为是一个关键阶段。

（2）虚拟语气和从句并用

How I wish I would read and reply your email as soon as I received it.

我多么希望我一收到你的邮件就阅读并回复它啊。

（3）多层从句

1.If we want to improve our study, we should repeat what the teachers taught us again and again, and then we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master.如果我们想提高我们的学习，我们应该一遍又一遍地重复老师给我们讲的内容，而后我们才能理解或记住老师要求我们掌握的知识。

2.I must confess we young generation must realizethat our parents care for us as well as hoping to share what we have been doing with them.（confess后整体是一个宾语从句，这个宾语从句中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句，在that引导的宾语从句中又包含what引导的宾语从句）

我必须坦白地承认，我们年轻人必须意识到我们的父母不仅关心我们而且希望我们和他们分享我们在做的事。

【使用语句间的连接成分】

一、表示逻辑顺序：first, first of all, above all, second, third, then, next, after that, finally, for one thing ... for another ..., on (the)one hand ... on the other hand等。

二、表示时间顺序：now, at present, recently, meanwhile, eventually, after, afterwards, in a few days, at first, at last, in the beginning, in the end, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden等。

三、表示程度递进：besides, what’s more, what’s worse, worse still, in addition, furthermore, moreover, especially, in particular, even, to make matters worse等。

四、表示因果关系：because, because of, so, for, thus, one (another)reason is that ..., since, now that, as, thanks to ..., due to ..., therefore, as a result(of), for this reason等。

五、表示转折关系：but, however, while, though, despite, in spite of, yet, whereas, nevertheless等。

六、表示并列关系：and, or, as well(as), neither ... nor ..., not ... but ..., either ... or, not only ... but also ..., both ... and ..., too等。

七、表示让步关系：as, though, even if/though, whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, no matter who (what, when, where)等。八、表示列举事实：for example/instance, such as, take ... for example, that is to say, as follows, in other words等。

九、表示总结：in short, in brief, in a word, on the whole, above all, to sum up, in conclusion, in summary, in general, generally speaking等。

承转句是那些在文章中起着承上启下作用的句子。它的存在使得整篇文章在句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间语意连贯，逻辑顺畅，结构紧凑，富有说服力或感染力。承转句可用“启承转合”四个字来概括。

表示“启”的常见句型有：A proverb says ...; It goes without saying that(不言而喻) ...; Many people often ask ...; It is clear that ...; It is often said that ...等。常见短语有：at present, currently, now, generally speaking, in general, on the whole, first(ly), at first, in the first place, to begin/start with, in recent years, lately等。这些短语或句型多用于段落或文章的开头。

表示“承”的常见句型有：No one can deny that ...; therefore, we should realize that ...; There is no doubt that ...等。常见短语有：in other words, for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in this case, by way of illustration, based on, for this reason, in view of, considering等。这些短语或句型常用于承接主旨句或第一个扩展句。

表示“转”的常见句型有：One coin has two sides ...; But the problem is not so simple ...; I do not believe that ...; Perhaps you’ll ask why ...; This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to ...; Though we are in basic agreement with ..., yet differences will be found; That’s why I feel that ...; There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem ...; However, it is a pity that ...等。

常见短语有：with regard to, however, to our surprise, nevertheless, unfortunately, on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast, in any case/at any rate(无论如何), but, still, whereas, despite等。这些短语或句型常用于段落中的第二个扩展句中。

表示“合”的常见短语有：in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, finally, in conclusion, at last, therefore, as a result, thus, after all, eventually, hence, in sum, in summary, to sum up, on the whole(就整休而言)等。用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中。例如：

1. From this point of view ...

2. On account of this we can find that ...

3. The result is dependent on ...

4. Thus, this is the reason why we must ...