剖宫产丨医学英语视听学习

C-section (Cesarean Delivery)

剖宫产

A cesarean section, often referred to as a c-section, is a surgical procedure, in which incisions are made in a woman's abdomen and uterus to deliver a baby. 

剖宫产，通常称为剖腹产，是在女性腹部和子宫处做切口，分娩胎儿的手术。

Some cesarean sections are planned. More often, however, the need for the procedure becomes apparent after the onset of labor when abnormal conditions make a vaginal delivery unsafe for the mother or her baby. 

有些剖宫产术很常用；然而，很显然，当异常状况致使阴道分娩不利于产妇或胎儿安全时，通常需要剖宫产手术。

Common indications for cesarean section include dystocia, placenta previa, and fetal distress. 

剖宫产常见的适应症包括难产，前置胎盘和胎儿窘迫。

Dystocia or prolonged non-progressive labor can occur when the baby's head is unable to fit through the birth canal or its body is in an unfavorable position, such as perpendicular to the birth canal or buttocks first, which is the breech position.  

当胎头无法通过产道，或胎位不正，如横位或臀先露（臀位）时，可能发生难产或滞产。

Placenta previa occurs when a low-lying placenta partially or completely blocks the cervical opening. 

低置胎盘部分或完全阻塞宫颈口时，发生前置胎盘。

Fetal distress occurs whenever the health of the baby is in imminent danger, usually from inadequate blood flow through the placenta or umbilical cord. 

通常，由于通过胎盘或脐带的血流量不足，使胎儿的健康面临危机时，将发生胎儿窘迫。

Fetal distress can occur when the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus prior to delivery or the umbilical cord becomes compressed or squeezed.

另外，当胎盘在分娩前与子宫壁分离，或脐带受压迫或挤压时，可能发生胎儿窘迫。

Other conditions that may require a cesarean section include multiple births, large tumors of the uterus, genital herpes or other infections, or medical problems, such as uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension. 

其他可能需要剖宫产的状况包括一胎多产、子宫巨大肿瘤、生殖器疱疹或其他感染，或者不受控制的糖尿病或高血压等疾病。

Your doctor may use ultrasound testing and a fetal heart monitor to help decide whether your baby should be delivered by cesarean. 

医生可能通过超声检查和胎心监护仪，确定是否需要剖宫产。

When a cesarean section becomes necessary, you will be prepped for surgery. If not already in place, an intravenous line will be started and a catheter will be inserted into your bladder to drain urine. 

剖宫产前，需要术前准备。分娩前，医生将开始给患者静脉输液，将导尿管插入膀胱，帮助患者排尿。

In the operating room, you will be given anesthesia. In most cases, a spinal anesthetic is administered to numb the lower portion of your body. Sometimes, however, a general anesthetic will be used. 

医生将在手术室内给予患者麻醉；大多数情况下，采取脊髓麻醉，麻木患者身体的下部。但是，有时也采取全麻。

Your doctor will begin by making an incision in your abdomen. It will either be a vertical incision from just below the navel to the top of the pubic bone, or more frequently a horizontal incision across and just above the pubic bone. 

首先，医生将在患者腹部做切口：从肚脐下，到耻骨顶部做纵切，或者更常见地，通过耻骨或耻骨上方做横切。

This is often called a bikini cut. 

这通常称为“比基尼切法”。

Your doctor will then make a second incision on the lower part of the uterus. Once the uterus is opened, your doctor will rupture the amniotic sac if it is still intact and deliver the baby. 

然后，医生将在患者子宫下部做第二个切口。打开子宫后，如果羊膜囊仍然完好，医生将刺破羊膜囊，娩出胎儿。

The time from the initial abdominal incision to birth is typically 5 minutes. Your doctor will then clamp and cut the umbilical cord, gently remove the placenta, and tightly suture your uterus and abdomen. This typically takes about 45 minutes. 

做第一个腹部切口到胎儿娩出通常耗时 5 分钟。然后，医生将夹住并剪断脐带，轻轻取出胎盘，紧密缝合产妇的子宫和腹部。这通常需要约 45 分钟。

The hospital stay after a cesarean section is usually three to five days. 

剖宫产后，产妇通常需要住院  3~5 天。

During this time, you will be encouraged to breastfeed, nap when the baby sleeps and get out of bed often. While most patients are able to take care of their new baby soon after the procedure, full recovery may take six to eight weeks, your scar will lightens as it heals.

在此期间，鼓励母乳喂养，休息（孩子熟睡时），下床走动。术后，尽管大多数患者能够很快照顾新生儿，但是完全康复可能需要 6~8 周，疤痕将随着患者痊愈逐渐变淡。