AXD专访×施德明 | 这是艺术,还是设计?

乐活   2024-09-29 20:01   四川  


展览信息|Key word


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「施德明 乏味之趣」

This will be Boring


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艺术家

Artist

施德明

Stefan Sagmeister 

展览时间

Exhibition time

2024.08.31 2024.10.13

地点

Exhibition venue

成都麓湖 A4X艺术中心



"
这是艺术,还是设计?
当我作为他人作品的观众时,我对此并不执着。对我而言,仅有一个核心的灵魂拷问:
作品是否与我产生了心灵的对话?
无论是在毕加索的杰作前,
还是在一幅平面设计。
当我身为作品的创作者时,我必须关注这一点。
我运用了设计的笔触,聚焦于一个宏大的主题--人类的长期发展,
并竭力诠释其精髓。

这便是传播设计的定义,

这便是设计。

"

施德明,出生于奥地利的平面设计师。上世纪九十年代起在设计界声名鹊起。他曾两度斩获格莱美唱片包装设计奖,为滚石乐队、Talking Heads乐队等知名音乐人设计专辑封面,还曾与HBO、古根海姆美术馆、时代华纳等国际商业与文化机构合作。因其前卫大胆的设计和诙谐反叛的性格,影响着一代又一代设计师。


此次在A4X的展览聚焦在人类长远发展的角度上,施德明运用了过去50年到200年间来自联合国、世界银行等国际数据库的数据,向大家展示人类社会长期发展中的积极变化。向大家展示平面设计的无限可能,他把搜集到的事实转化为引人入胜的数据可视化,巧妙地嵌入到多样的媒介中,包括历史画作、光栅画、玻璃工艺品,乃至于服装和咖啡杯,将数据和设计融合,让作品兼具美的形式和传达信息的功能。


很开心有机会能在本次展览的后程与他聊一聊。






Q / AXD编辑部

S / 施德明 Stefan Sagmeister




Q从《The Happy Film》到《乏味之趣》,您不断强调“积极”的力量,最近有什么具体的事件让您感到这样的表达在当下十分重要? 
We can see that you are stressing the importance of “positive energy” from The Happy Film to This Will Be Boring. I am just wondering, is there any specific things in thoese days that makes you feel so?


S:我是一个乐观主义者。乐观主义意味着理性思考。
如果一个情况的最终结果要么是非凡的,要么是可怕的 。 当机会正好是50/50的时候 ,如果我从一个光明而不是阴暗的角度来处理它,我成功的机会显然会提高。

如果现在的情况比过去更好——这是《美丽数字》系列的核心论点—— 假设未来会继续变得更好,这是常识。

显然,这个世界上有很多问题需要紧急解决:气候变化、生物多样性的丧失、核武器、不平等。

我仍然相信认识到我们已经取得了很多成就,会让我们有更大机会去纠正这些问题。当我沮丧的时候,我对周围的环境、朋友和家人没有什么用处。当我做得好的时候,我更有帮助、更有生产力、更有效率。

I am an optimist. Optimism indicates rational thinking.

If the ultimate outcome of a situation can be either exceptional or terrible - when the chances are exactly 50/50, - then my prospects of succeeding are clearly improved if I approach it from a bright rather than gloomy position.
And if things are better now than they were in the past - the central argument of the Beautiful Numbers series - assuming it will continue to get better in the future constitutes common sense.
Obviously there are many things wrong with this world that need urgent addressing: Climate change, the loss of biodiversity, atomic weapons, inequality.
I also believe we have a bigger chance to rectify these problems recognizing we’ve already achieved a lot. When I’m depressed, I’m of little use to my surroundings, to my friends and to my family. I’m much more helpful, productive and effective when I’m doing well.





Q您在采访中曾评价负面新闻“it doesn't really push us to solve the many problems that clearly need solving”,让人联想到现在流媒体的推送形式,人们越喜欢某种类型的内容,就越容易接触到这类内容;而接触得越多,就越难以摆脱。人们很容易因此陷入一种自我强化的循环。换言之在大数据时代,消极之人也许更容易接触到负面信息,积极之人则相反,您作为一位"communication designer"是如何看待这种现象的? 
You have commented on negative news in interviews ”it doesn't really push us to solve the many problems that clearly need solving”. it reminds me of the streaming media nowadays. You will continuously get access to the same type of videos if you are using apps like tictok, which means for people who are pessimistic, negative messages or information are easier to encounter than ever before and vice versa. In the end, this creates a cycle that can be hard to get ride of. And my question is, how you look at this as a communication designer?


S:我确实认为这是可怕的。我是一个能够非常专注的人,但它让我分心,我发现自己在看那些不会提升我生活的无脑视频。我只能想象这对一个注意力不集中的14岁男孩或女孩的影响。如果TikTok或Instagram的运营者关心我们的健康,他们就会重新设计他们的应用。但他们更愿意让我们花在他们应用上的时间最大化。

I do believe this is terrible. I am a person who is able to focus very well, but it gets me distracted and I find myself watching mindless videos that dont enhance my life. I can only imagine what it does to a 14 year old girl or boy, who is less focused. If the people running TikToc or Instagram would have our well-being in mind, they would redesign their app. But they would rather maximize the number of hours we spend on their app.



Q相关思考是否影响了您的创作方向和创作习惯?如果有,它是如何发生的?
As a designer, in what ways has thinking about media influenced your direction and habits in your creation? If so, how does it happen?



S:像在线新闻和每小时消息这样的短期媒体给人的印象是世界失去了控制,整体前景一片黯淡。但是,如果我们从长远的角度来看待世界的发展——这是唯一有意义的方法——几乎所有与人类有关的方面似乎都在变得更好。

挨饿的人越来越少,死于战争和自然灾害的人越来越少,我们的寿命比以往任何时候都长。200年前,十个人中有九个人既不会读也不会写,现在只有十分之一。

Short-term media like online news and hourly messages created an impression of a world out of control, with an overall outlook of doom. But if we look at developments concerning the world from a long-term perspective - the only sense-making way - almost any aspect concerning humanity seems to get better.

Fewer people go hungry, fewer people die in wars and natural disasters, we live much longer lives - than ever before. 200 years ago 9 out of 10 people could neither read nor write, now it is just 1 out of 10.





Q回到本次展览,一些作品中人类的发展被抽象成一些整体性的数据变化,给观者提供了一种理性的希望,但相对地,宏观数据有时显得遥远缥缈,你是否担心过观众在观看时不能很好地代入?

In this exhibition This Will Be Boring, human development is abstracted into some holistic data, which provides a rational hope to the viewers, but relatively speaking, the macro data sometimes seems to be so distant, have you ever worried that the viewers will lack a sense of substitution when they are viewing it?



S:确实,由于各种大型科技公司囤积和利用个人数据,数据声名狼藉。

然而,这与观察社会历史并确定我们的生活如何随时间变化是一个相当不同的问题。

此外,我还研究了自己的家族史,看看我的曾曾祖父母雅各布和约翰娜·萨格迈斯特的生活与我们的有什么不同。结果发现,他们的生活截然不同:他们的六个孩子都死了!他们并没有受到厄运的诅咒!他们并没有被糟糕的运气所诅咒:这就是200年前世界上其他人的生活经历。

萨格迈斯特家的下一代,我的曾祖父母也好不到哪里去,他们的五个孩子都死了。

但他们都能读会写,这使他们成为那个时代的精英。当时只有15%的人识字。

Yes, data got a bad name through the hoarding and exploitation of personal data by the various large tech companies.
However, this is a rather different issue from looking at social history and determining how our life has change over time.
In addition, I also looked at my own family history to see how the lives of my great-great grand parents Jacob and Johanna Sagmeister differed from ours: It turned out they were extremely different: Six of their children died! And they were not cursed by bad fortune! They were not damned with terrible luck: That’s how life was experienced by the rest of the world 200 years ago.
The next generations of Sagmeister’s, my great grandparents didn’t do much better, five of their children died.
But they both could read and write: Which made them part of the elites of their times. Only 15% of their contemporaries were literate.




Q您用于作品创作的历史画作来源于曾祖父母的古董店,相信店里能选择的旧东西很多,当初为什么选择“画”作为“素材”?是否因为它本身也是一件视觉作品,我甚至在中国的社交媒体上看到一则有趣的发言,他希望您能给原画作者也属个名,您怎么看? 

The historical paintings you used for your work come from your great-grandparents' antique shop, which I believe had a wide selection of old things. Why choose those "paintings" in the end?Is it because they are also visual arts themselves? I saw an interesting comment on social media where someone hoped the original artist’s name could be credited. What do you think about that?



S:考虑到所有这些新作品都是关于长期的,数字媒体并不适合这个。我们20年前创建的数字装置已经无法工作了,因为它们无法在当代操作系统上运行。
我正在走向媒体的相反方向,使用200年历史的画作或马赛克,它们将持久存在。

在一幅已经有200年历史的画作上可视化跨越200年的数据是非常有意义的,在我们开始收集这些数据的时候,它就已经存在了。

是的,我也看到了那个帖子,并开始给所有原画家署名。
Considering all this new work is about the long term, digital media does not lend itself well for this. Digital installations we created 20 years ago already don't work anymore, as they don't run on contemporary operating systems.
I am going into the opposite direction with media, using 200 year old historic paintings or mosaics, that will last for a long time. 
It just made a lot of sense to visualize 200-years-spanning data on a painting, that has already been around 200 years, ago, when we stated to collect that data.
And yes, I so that post too and started crediting all the original painters.


CD设计  David Byrne-Feelings
CD设计 LOU REED

Q您一直以“设计师”的身份活动,但从CD设计(商业设计)、影片创作(《The Happy Film》)到如今的展览,您似乎一直在调整自己的位置,与多年前入行相比,如今您如何感知“设计师”这个身份标签? 

As a designer, you are adjusting yourself to try something new whether in the filmmaking or the exhibition. Did the feeling of being a designer changed after you’ve tried those? Did you feel different? 



S:这就是像设计这样广泛的职业的美妙之处:
我可以创造电影、家具、展览、画作或产品,仍然可以自称为设计师。
Thats the beauty of a very wide profession like design:
I can create a film, or furniture, or an exhibit, or paintings or products and still call myself a designer.


The Happy Film


Q在13号的分享中,您通过和大家的互动论证了——美是一种跨文化的直觉,存在于所有人的直接体验中。但越普世的“直觉”往往意味着越平庸,偏离规范有时会带来意外之喜,您在设计过程中通常如何平衡两者?

In your speech on 13th, you illustrated that “beauty is a cross-cultural intuition presents in everyone’s daily experience”. However, the more universal ‘intuition’ often means being normal or banal. Sometimes, thinking out of the box surprise us, how do you usually balance the two in your designing?



S:我觉得问题在于正常和平庸是很容易做到的,许多设计师都很懒,屈服于做容易的事情。
想出一些令人惊讶和新奇的东西总是要困难得多。
I feel the problem lies in the fact that the normal and banal is very easy to do and many designer are lazy and succumb to doing the easy thing.
Its always much more difficult to come up with something surprising and new.


Q您曾表示“the worst of urban architecture focuses almost entirely on function”,您理想的城市建筑是怎样的?很好奇您如何看待CPI的建筑(13号您曾在那里演讲)? 

You said, “the worst of urban architecture focuses almost entirely on function”. What does the ideal city building look like in your mind? How do you view the architectures of CPI, the place where you spoke on the 13th?



S:我相信问题在于普遍缺乏对美的尊重。大多数以设计为中心的职业,无论是建筑、产品还是数字设计,都不把美当回事,许多从业者认为它是多余的,而专注于功能。我非常坚信,对功能性的唯一追求往往会导致工作完全没有功能,50年代和60年代的公共住房项目就是一个最好的例子:目标是尽可能有效地容纳尽可能多的人,结果项目不适合人类居住——它们需要在20年后再次拆除。
事物不会自己变得美丽,美需要在设计过程中就被设定为目标。

我认为CPI周围的地区相当不错。如果每一栋小建筑都由不同的建筑师设计,感觉会更好。

我们——作为人类——喜欢材料、表面和形式的多样性。
I believe at fault is a general lack of regard for beauty. Most design centric professions, be it architecture, product or digital design don’t take beauty very seriously, with many practitioners seeing it as superfluous, while concentrating on function. I very strongly believe that the sole pursuit of functionality often leads to work that does not function at all, the public housing projects of the 50ies and 60ies being a prime example: The goal was to house as many people as effectively as possibly resulting in projects that were not fit for human habitation, - they needed to be torn down again 20 years later.
Things don't become beautiful by themselves, beauty needs to be put as goal within the designing process.
I thought the area around CPI was quite good. It would have felt even better if every single one of the small buidings would have been designed by a different architect.
We - as humans - love diversity in materials, surfaces and forms.

Q我们都听说过您“做7休1”的工作方式,能和我们分享一下您的上次假期吗,您是如何度过的?对您随后的设计工作有何启发?下一次有计划了吗? 

We’ve all heard that you will rest for a year after you’ve worked for 7 years. It’s an interesting work mode actually. How you spend your last holiday? Could you share with us some interesting things happened in your last holiday? Did it inspire you? Did you have a plan for the next trip?



S:啊,这些是休息年,是工作休假,我通常会尝试我感兴趣的新事物。

当我7年前在墨西哥城休假并寻找一个主要的工作主题时,我立即意识到它该是“美”,因为它将迫使我与许多人保持密切的关系,它将迫使我与许多新老专家、艺术家、设计师和制作人合作,它肯定会比我更重要。这几个月的工作是我一生中最快乐的时光之一。这种整体的洞察力在我的生活中仍然扮演着重要的角色。

今年我将从马德里开始,然后是瓜达拉哈拉和布宜诺斯艾利斯。

Ahh, these are resting years, these are working sabbaticals where I usually try out new things I am interested in.
When I was on my last sabbatical seven years ago in Mexico City and looked for a main subject to work on, it immediately became clear to me that it will need to be ‘Beauty’, as it will force me to be in close relationship with many people, it will force me to work with many new and old experts, artists, designers and producers, and it will surely be bigger than me. The months working on it have been among the happiest of my life. And the overall insight still plays a significant role in my life.
I will start this year in Madrid, then Guadalajara and the Buenos Aires.





Q您是否看到了展览小游戏观众们绘制的“心境面孔”,有什么想对观众们说的?

Did you see the “faces” made by visiters at the entrance? Is there anything you want to say to them?



S:我当然看到了,但由于展览仍在进行中,我还没有开始分析它们。看看人们在展览结束时画的面孔是否比开始时更快乐,这将很有趣。
I of course did see them but - as the show is still running - have not started to analyze them as of yet. It will be interesting to see if there is a trend that people drew happier faces at the end of the exhibition compared to the beginning. Or not.








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