郝老师讲：代词pronoun！

代替人或物：  我（I ） 你(you) 他(he ) 她(she) 它(it)

我们（we) 你们（you) 他们（they)

注意：顺序问题

1. 单数人称代词：俩个以上并列作主语时，按 you, he( she) , I 的顺序，I总是放在最后。例：You,he and I should help each other. 

我，你，他应该互相帮助。

  She and I are of the same age.

我和她同岁。        

2.复数人称代词：俩个以上并列作主语时，一般按 we, you, they的顺序。

   例：We,you and they are all Chinese. 

我们，你们和他们都是中国人。

3. 男女并列时的顺序：男先女后。

   例：Everybody has to do his or her work.

每个人都得做自己的工作。

表所属关系

用法：1.形容词性物主代词的用法相等于形容词，在句中只能作定语。

        1）I love my teacher.

        2) Your(His, Her, Their) books are on the desk.2.名词性物主代词相当于名词，它后面不能再跟名词。在句中可作主语，表语，宾语，与of 构成短语作定语。

        1) Our room is here and yours is there.（作主语）

        2) Whose bike is this?--- It is mine.    （作表语）

        3) You may use my pen. I will use hers. （作宾语）

        4) He is a friend of ours.      （与of构成短语，作定语）

注意：1. Our students should work hard. 我们的学生应努力学习。（不包括说话人）

      2. We students should work hard. 我们学生应努力学习。 （包括说话人）

表动作返回到发出者本身

1. She herself is a student too.她自己也是个学生。（作主语的同位语）

2. You must do it yourself.你必须自己干。（放句尾表强调）

3 . I teach myself French. 我自学法语。（作宾语）               

重点：1)Please help （yourself) to some fish,Li Ming. 

2) Please help (yourselves)to some fish, children.

3) Father can’t leave his daughter by (herself).

词组：

make oneself at home 不受拘束 

devote oneself to 致力于 

enjoy oneself 快活

forget oneself 失态 

make oneself understood(heard) 让人理解  

treatoneself to 舍得吃（穿，喝）

lose oneself 迷路

表相互关系

1． each other：互相，彼此（指2者）Tom and Jack help each other.

2.one---another ：互相（指3者或以上）Inschool all my classmates help one another.

起指示、指代作用

1． this—that these ---those

1) _This_ gift is for you and _that_ one is foryour brother.

2) I love _these_ books but I don’t like_those_.

2.  such: 指如前所述的这样的人或事物。

I have never seen such a funny film.

so:  代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。

It is going to rain thisevening.---I hope so./I hope not.

the same:刚刚提到的同一个人或事物。 

Merry Christmas!---The same to you!

表疑问：who, whom, whose , what, which.

1) _Who_ is he? ---He is my father.

2) _What_ is he? ---- He is a doctor.

3) _Which_ color do you like better, red or green?

4) _What_ color do you like?

5) _Whose_ answer is right? Mine.

6) _Whom_ did you go with to the park?

引导定语从句：who, （主语）代人。whom,（宾语）代人。 which,（主语）代物。 that, （主语，宾语）代人或物。whose（定语）某人某物的。

     1) He is the boy _who_ was named Tom.

     2) He is the boy _whom_ Tom met.

     3) He is the boy _whose_name is Tom.

     4)The book _which_ you read is mine.

引导名词从句： who, whoever, whom, whose,which, what

     1) _Who_ will go there(主语从句) is unknown.

     2) _Whoever_ comes will be welcome.

     3) I don’t know _which_ team will win.(宾语从句)

     4) This is _what_ I want to know .(表语从句)

一．all,（三者或三者以上全部，所有都） every,（三个以上每个，强调整体） each, （两个中每个，强调个体）any, （人或物三者或三者以上，任何一）none, （指人或物三者或三者以上都不，不作定语）no.（无，没，只作定语）no=not a+可数名词单数=not any+可数名词复数=not any+不可数名词。

1．Are we _all_ here? ---No, Jack and Mary are absent.

2. There are some trees on _every_side of the playground.

3. There are some trees on _each_side of the street.

4. Several people were very tired,but _none_ of them would stop for a rest.

5. There were no letters this morning.

= There were not any letters this morning.

6. There is no bread left.

= There isn't any bread left.

注意：回答How many, How much开头的问句常用 None.

     回答What开头的问句一般用 Nothing.               

回答Who开头的问句用NO one/ Nobody

1) How many people are there in the house? --- None.

2) What’s in your hand?---Nothing.

3) Who is in the reading room?---No one/Nobody.

二． some, someone, somebody,something (一般用于肯定句，也可用于表建议、请求或反问的疑问句中)

any, anyone, anybody, anything (一般用于疑问句、否定句和IF条件句中，any 用于肯定句表任何一，随便哪一)

写出下列句子的否定句，疑问句，并作肯定否定回答。

1. There are some books on the desk.

   There are not any books on the desk.

   Are there any books on the desk?

   Yes, there are. 

   No, there aren't.

三．修饰可数名词（few否定,a few肯定, not a few=many, quite afew=many, just a few, only a few=just a few）

修饰不可数名词（little, a little, a bit, not a little = much, no little =much, just alittle = a little, only a little=a little）

注意： many+可数名词的复数 much+不可数名词a lot of+可数或不可数=lots of

1. There are _many_ students in our school.

2. There is _much_ money in the bank.

注意：much too+形容词， too much+不可数名词

1. He eats _too much_ meat, so he is _much too_ fat.

四．1）one---another（泛指2者）一----又一----

To learn is onething , toteach is another.学习是一回事，教是另一回事。

2) one--- the other（特指2者）一个---另一个 

I have two books. _One_ is English, _the other_is French.

3) on the one hand--- on the other hand一方面---另一方面

  On the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am your friend.

4) some--- some---（泛指）一些----另一些

Some say yes, and some say no.

5) some--- others---(泛指) 一些---另一些 

Some like tea, others like coffee .

6) some--- the others---（特指） 一些----其余全部（用于可数名词）

Some are men teachers, the others are women teachers.

7) some--- the rest ---（特指）一些---其余全部的（用于可数和不可数名词）

  There is much food in the room. Some is bread, the rest is milk.

五．it: 特指前面提到的同名同物。

one:前面提到的同名不同物。ones(复数)

不可数名词只能用that/those, 多与 of连用

1.  My pen is lost, I must look for _it_. 

2. My pen is lost, I must buy _one_.

3. I prefer red roses to white _ones_.

4.The population of China is larger than _that_ of India.

六．万能词 it: ( it 指时间，日期，距离，天气，情况，温度，环境用作主语)

1. It is ten o’clock in the morning.(指时间）

2. It is Sunday tomorrow.（指日期）

3. It is 60 miles to the next station.（指距离）

4. It is a warm and sunny day.（指天气）

5.If it is convenient to you, I am going to visit you.（指情况）

6. It is noisy in the street at this moment.（指环境）

历届中考单选：

1. We’ve got two TV sets, but _____ works well.  

A. any  B. both C. either  D. neither

2. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. _____ of them have set a good example to us.

A.     All  B. Neither  C. Both  D. None

3. ______ school is much larger than______. --- Really? 

A. Our, yours  B.Ours, your  C. Ours, his

4. ______ is watching TV. Let’s turn it off.  

A. Somebody  B. Anybody C. Nobody  D. Everybody

5. Is that Mary?---Right. She’s nice and I like _____ very much.   

A. herself  B. her C. hers  D. she

6. Ted’s mother kept telling Ted not to tell lies, but _____ didn’t help. A. with B. it  C. she  D. himself

7. No one helped Millie. She did it all by_______.  

A. myself  B. herself C. himself  D. yourself

8. That’s the only thing ____ can’t be forgotten in my life.  

A. that  B. which C. who  D. /

9. Miss Lin teaches _____ English this term.

---You ‘re lucky. ______ is a very good teacher.

A.     our, She  B. us, He C. us, She  D. ours, He

10. Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. 

---Never mind. You can have some of _____.

A.     I B. me  C. my  D. mine 

11. Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone?

---_____. I enjoy using QQ.

A.     Either  B. Neither C. None  D. Both

12. What else do we need, Mum? 

---______else, I think. We’ve got everything ready.

A.     Something  B. Anything C. Nothing  D. Everything

13. Who taught ______ English last term?

Was _____ Mr. Smith?---No, Miss White did.

A.     you , it  B. you, he C. your, it  D. your, that

14. When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?

---____is OK. I am free these days.

A.     Either  B. All C. Both  D. Neither

15. I found ____ interesting to study chemistry.  

A. this  B. that C. it  D. these

           同学们注意：代词从小学三年级就开始接触，我们并不陌生，把上面语法内容看懂吃透，最后的试题做做，语法是串联英语的一条线，没有这条线，再好看的珍珠也是一盘散沙，所以，要想把英语学好，先把语法学会！ 郝老师：13102637665

答案：

1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 

6.B 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D 

11.B 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.C