科研论文 | 针对后疫情时代下建筑空调系统的高性能实用性实时控制策略

文摘 2024-07-31 17:02 中国香港

A practical real-time control strategy for high-performance building HVAC operation concerning potential pandemic outbreaks in post-pandemic era

李炳绪，王盛卫，历秀明

Building and Environment

Volume 263, 2024

摘要：

刚刚过去的COVID-19疫情强调了建筑HVAC系统需要具备对疫情的“韧性”，即能够在未来可能突然爆发的疫情中灵活方便地调整其运行方式以降低感染风险。现有的大多数运行指南建议在疫情爆发时，增加空调系统的室外新风比例。然而，由于需要处理额外的室外空气，这种方法能效较低，并且许多实际系统由于容量或设计限制，无法引入比正常情况下更多的室外新风。因此，迫切需要一种既节能、能够高效降低感染风险，又不需要对现有系统设备进行大规模改造的空调系统新运行方案，以应对未来可能爆发的疫情。为满足这一需求，本研究提出了一种疫情下高性能HVAC系统实时控制策略。首先，基于Mamdani模糊推理理论提出了一种用于降低感染风险的送风温度（SAT）重设策略。随后，提出了针对空调系统风侧和水侧的协调控制方案，协调送风温度重设与冷冻水温度调整，以提高系统能效。该策略无需对系统设备进行改造，只需更改系统的控制逻辑。所提策略的有效性在Modelica仿真环境中进行了验证。结果表明，与正常运行相比，所提策略可以显著减少32-46%的新增感染病例、实现9-13%的节能，同时保证预期的室内人员舒适度。

Abstract：

The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic emphasize the need for building HVAC systems to be adaptable and prepared to adjust their operation for infection risk mitigation for future pandemics. Most guidelines suggest increasing outdoor air fraction in HVAC systems during pandemics. However, this approach is not energy-efficient due to the conditioning of additional outdoor air, and many practical systems face limitations in introducing more outdoor air than normal due to capacity or design constraints. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an alternative solution for HVAC system operation during pandemics that is energy-efficient, can effectively mitigate infection risks and does not require extensive retrofits to existing systems. To meet this need, this study proposes a practical real-time control strategy for high-performance HVAC operation in response to potential pandemic outbreaks. First, a supply air temperature (SAT) reset scheme for infection risk mitigation is proposed based on Mamdani fuzzy inference theory. Then, a coordinated control scheme is proposed to coordinate SAT reset with chilled water temperature adjustment for energy-efficiency enhancement. This strategy does not require system equipment retrofits but only changes in control logic to transition to pandemic operation. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated in a high-fidelity Modelica-based simulation environment under various weather conditions. Results show that, compared to normal operation, the proposed strategy can significantly reduce new infection cases by 32~46% without increasing energy use, and may even achieve slight energy savings of 9~13%, while maintaining expected occupant comfort.

关键词：

HVAC system 暖通空调系统

real-time control 实时控制

infection risk mitigation 传染风险削减

energy efficiency 能效

post-pandemic era 后疫情时代

论文绘图：

Figure 1. 疫情期间HVAC系统运行策略的概要

Figure 3. 输入和输出变量的隶属函数（MFs）

Figure 9. 策略1-3在3天模拟期（7月8日至7月10日）的比较结果。

Figure 12. 不同控制策略下三个测试期内各来源ECA的每日分解结果比较。

Figure 14. 不同策略下三个测试期内区域温度(a–c)和相对湿度(d–f)的概率密度分布。