练太极拳如何放松下肢?
松柔是太极拳的基本功夫,贯串了形神意气、上下内外、自始至终。·····································································
因为下肢要支承身体的重量,初学者以为不要放松。体弱者下肢支撑力不够,一腿承重时很难保持平衡,下肢特别紧张。为此,这里说说下肢放松的问题。··
实腿承重的要领是:满脚贴地踏实,膝不要挺直,上体中正,身体中线垂直于脚心,不歪不斜。否则,大小腿和腰胯各部肌群难保持平衡就会紧张。·····································································虚腿放松首要是胯关节,胯关节不放松,下肢运动就会牵动盆骨部位影响稳定性。·····································································脚的内扣、外摆应随腰而行,脚的上跷下踩,活动枢纽在踝。为了放松这三个关节,应注意:上体中正,重心落在实腿,实腿完全承重,运动腿变虚,用意松胯-膝-髁关节。凡要动腿先松胯,不应在负重腿尚未完全承重之前、运动腿未来得及将胯根松开之时就忙于运动,避免双重。向上膝抬,向前趾领,向后跟领,前进启动要膝领,脚尖的内扣外摆,随腰转带动。蹬脚、分脚等腿法,应以膝领起,只动脚牵动小腿即可,不可牵动大腿和腰胯。下面以杨氏太极拳中左搂膝拗步变右搂膝拗步为例:先使胯关节带动身体尽量中正地向前移,右腿跟随之抬起,感到左腿重心座稳了,右脚再离地向前,要求做到:(1)右脚离地之前身体中心要全部移向左腿,右腿全部松开,不要挂劲拖住重心前移,反之则“滞”。(2)右脚一经离地,首先松右胯,右胯松则整条右腿就松,不松为“双重”。·····································································(3)迈右腿的过程中,左要动态地收胯沉座,尾闾收而命门后顶,使其在右迈步的动态中保持虚实清楚,重心稳固,就会感到迈步通达而轻灵,这叫“偏沉则随"也叫“通在单轻”。(4)当右脚一经离地时,首先右胯腿直至脚踝,接着以膝领小腿,再以右脚跟前领延展右脚落地,使之整个进步过程“迈步如猫行”。
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