本次给大家整理的是《Landscape and Urban Planning》杂志2025年2月第254期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括20篇SCI论文！
-----------关注公众号----------
![]()
Using the Gini Index to quantify urban green inequality: A systematic review and recommended reporting standards
使用基尼指数量化城市绿色不平等：系统综述与推荐报告标准【摘要】
Access to parks, ecosystem services, and urban trees support healthy people and communities. Unfortunately, access is often unequally distributed, leading to differential outcomes. Measuring the within-city distributional equality and comparing between cities can be facilitated by the Gini Index, a measure originally developed for economic disparities. To examine its applications in urban forestry and urban greening, a systematic review was conducted across 5 databases and 10 journals. Forty-one English, peer-reviewed articles were identified that used the Gini Index to measure urban green inequality, increasing exponentially since the first urban greening-related use of the Gini Index in 2011. Most studies were from China (n = 22, 54 %) and the United States (n = 10, 24 %). A Gini Index equation was reported in 27 studies (66 %) with 10 different variations used. Lorenz curves were included in 18 papers (44 %). The Gini Index was used to assess the distribution of parks and greenspaces (n = 28, 68 %), ecosystem disservices and services (n = 8, 20 %), and trees and street greenery (n = 7, 17 %). Fifteen papers (37 %) used multiple points in time to measure changes in inequality, including modeling future inequalities under different management scenarios. The Gini Index provides a quantitative measure of distributional inequality that facilitates comparisons between cities. The application of the Gini Index can help improve global comparative analyses, but only with consistent reporting of methods and findings. We provide recommended reporting procedures for researchers using the Gini Index, including 1) report the Gini Index equation, 2) visualize the Gini Index using a Lorenz curve, and 3) report the variable inputs. Greenspace research should also clearly define the inclusion/exclusion criteria of greenspace, differentiating parks versus green cover.【摘要翻译】
公园、生态系统服务和城市树木的可获得性有助于促进人们和社区的健康。不幸的是，这些资源的可获得性往往分布不均，导致不同的结果。利用基尼系数——一种最初用于衡量经济差距的指标，可以促进对城市内部分配公平性的测量以及城市之间的比较。为了探讨基尼系数在城市林业和城市绿化中的应用，本文对五个数据库和十种期刊进行了系统性综述。共确定了41篇使用基尼系数测量城市绿色不平等的英文同行评审文章，自2011年首次将基尼系数应用于城市绿化以来，这一数量呈指数增长。大多数研究来自中国（n = 22，占54%）和美国（n = 10，占24%）。27篇研究（占66%）报告了基尼系数的计算公式，使用了10种不同的变体。18篇论文（占44%）包含了洛伦兹曲线。基尼系数被用于评估公园和绿地的分布（n = 28，占68%）、生态系统的不服务和服务（n = 8，占20%），以及树木和街道绿化（n = 7，占17%）。15篇论文（占37%）使用多个时间点来衡量不平等的变化，包括在不同管理情景下对未来不平等的建模。基尼系数提供了一种定量衡量分配不平等的方法，促进了城市之间的比较。基尼系数的应用可以帮助改善全球比较分析，但前提是方法和结果的报告要一致。我们为使用基尼系数的研究人员提供了推荐的报告程序，包括1）报告基尼系数的计算公式，2）使用洛伦兹曲线可视化基尼系数，3）报告变量输入。绿地研究还应明确定义绿地的包含/排除标准，区分公园与绿被覆盖。
Enabling wild nature experiences in cities: A spatial analysis of institutional and physical barriers to using wild nature areas in Vienna, Austria
促进城市中的野生自然体验：奥地利维也纳野生自然区域使用的制度与物理障碍的空间分析Wild nature in cities can allow urban residents to experience and connect with nature close to their homes. Previous research has shown that wild nature areas (WNAs) can be found in various urban greenspaces, such as remnant vegetation in forests, wild corners in parks, or spontaneous vegetation on informal sites. However, little is known about their usability for urban residents and their potential to provide wild nature experiences across different urban environments. This paper examines the usability of WNAs in Vienna (Austria) through a spatial analysis of the institutional and physical barriers to use, considering barriers related to the availability, accessibility, and attractiveness of these greenspaces. A city-wide map of WNAs (n = 1298) was overlaid with spatial data on the presence of institutional and physical barriers, and complemented with a hierarchical cluster analysis to identify WNAs that share similar usability patterns. The cluster analysis confirms that WNAs vary significantly with regard to usability and that their usability is frequently constrained by the presence of multiple barriers. Furthermore, the usability of WNAs tends to be lower in high-density built-up areas, indicating that the possibilities to experience wild nature in the inner city are limited both in terms of lack of availability and relatively poor usability. We conclude that improving the usability of WNAs demands tailored and integrated approaches to urban planning and greenspace management and provide suggestions of how the usability of each identified WNA cluster can be increased.【摘要翻译】
城市中的野生自然可以让城市居民在家附近体验和亲近自然。以往的研究表明，野生自然区域（WNA）可以在各种城市绿地中找到，例如森林中的残留植被、公园中的野生角落或非正式地点上的自发植被。然而，对于这些区域对城市居民的可用性以及它们在不同城市环境中提供野生自然体验的潜力，了解甚少。本文通过对维也纳（奥地利）野生自然区域可用性的空间分析，考察了使用这些区域的制度性和物理性障碍，考虑了与这些绿地的可用性、可达性和吸引力相关的障碍。将全市范围内的野生自然区域地图（n = 1298）与有关制度性和物理性障碍存在的空间数据叠加，并辅以层次聚类分析，以识别具有相似可用性模式的野生自然区域。聚类分析确认，野生自然区域在可用性方面存在显著差异，其可用性往往受到多重障碍的限制。此外，野生自然区域的可用性在高密度建筑区往往较低，这表明在市中心体验野生自然的可能性在可用性和相对较差的使用体验方面都受到限制。我们得出结论，改善野生自然区域的可用性需要针对性和综合性的城市规划与绿地管理方法，并提出了如何提高各识别出的野生自然区域集群可用性的建议。
Assessing the efficacy of tributary upstream meander restoration on downstream landscape stability through computational modelling
通过计算模型评估支流上游曲流恢复对下游景观稳定性的有效性【摘要】
Meander restoration has become a commonly advocated solution in flood-prone or ecologically degraded river networks. The long-term impact of such measures on the stability of the landscape at the catchment scale beyond the implementation site itself is critical to project success and for sustainable catchment management and needs to be considered by all stakeholders. It is challenging, however, to predict the overall contribution of meander restoration in stabilising the lower catchment and to make reasoned assumptions about the optimal placement, scale, and interconnected benefits of restoration projects based on an analysis of real-life cases due to the complexity and uniqueness of each catchment’s hydrology and the size and cost of such projects. Meanwhile, digital models can be utilised to test a wide variety of hypothetical futures so that the potential impacts of meander restoration can be understood in advance and limited resources can be better allocated to promote effective kinds of projects. In this study, computational modelling is employed to model the impacts of various upstream meander restoration scenarios on the downstream landscape due to erosion and deposition activities in northern England’s River Don catchment. The results indicate that compared to a baseline scenario, river restoration in tributaries effectively reduces downstream main channel sediment discharge and lateral migration activities. Upstream restoration projects prevent watershed deterioration more effectively than downstream projects. Clustering projects close to one other is more effective in reducing valley lateral erosion and deposition, as well as channel loading, compared to having projects dispersed across multiple tributaries.【摘要翻译】
曲流恢复已成为洪水频发或生态退化河网中常被倡导的解决方案。这些措施在实施地点之外的集水区尺度上对景观稳定性的长期影响对于项目的成功和可持续的集水区管理至关重要，所有利益相关者都需要予以考虑。然而，由于每个集水区的水文特性以及项目的规模和成本的复杂性和独特性，预测曲流恢复在稳定下游集水区方面的整体贡献，并基于实际案例分析对恢复项目的最佳布置、规模及其相互关联的益处做出合理假设，是具有挑战性的。与此同时，数字模型可以用来测试各种假设性未来情景，从而提前了解曲流恢复的潜在影响，并更好地分配有限资源以促进有效类型的项目。在本研究中，采用计算模型模拟了北英格兰唐河集水区由于侵蚀和沉积活动，不同上游曲流恢复情景对下游景观的影响。结果表明，与基线情景相比，支流的河流恢复有效减少了下游主河道的泥沙排放和横向迁移活动。上游恢复项目比下游项目更有效地防止了流域的恶化。将项目集中在彼此靠近的位置，比将项目分散在多个支流上更能有效减少山谷的横向侵蚀和沉积，以及河道的负荷。
Vertical canopy structure dominates cooling and thermal comfort of urban pocket parks during hot summer days
垂直树冠结构在炎热夏日主导城市袖珍公园的降温和热舒适性In high-density urban areas, pocket parks offer significant potential to mitigate thermal discomfort. However, the specific contributions of horizontal and vertical canopy structures to pocket parks’ cooling and thermal comfort effects remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by selecting 14 typical pocket parks in Shanghai and collecting high-resolution canopy and thermal data using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Generalized additive models were applied to assess the relationships between thermal conditions and spatial variables. The cooling effects were quantified by comparing the relative differences in surface temperature (Ts) and air temperature (Ta) between the pocket parks and non-vegetated reference sites, while thermal comfort was assessed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The results revealed that: (1) On average, Ts was 3.98 °C lower, Ta was 1.18 °C lower, and UTCI was 3.74 °C lower in pocket parks than in non-vegetated sites. (2) A positive linear relationship was found between ΔUTCI and canopy coverage, indicating that increased canopy coverage enhances thermal comfort. (3) When considering three-dimensional (3D) metrics, mean foliage height was positively correlated with both ΔTa and ΔUTCI, while foliage height diversity had a negative impact. Notably, the ΔUTCI decreased when the 3D green volume exceeded 22 m3, suggesting that parks with tall, single-layer canopies composed of multiple small trees, each with a 3D green volume below 22 m3, optimize thermal benefits in summer. This study provides critical insights into the cooling and thermal comfort effects of pocket parks, offering practical guidance for park maintenance and redesign, particularly in the context of urban heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.在高密度城市地区，袖珍公园在缓解热不适方面具有显著潜力。然而，水平和垂直冠层结构对袖珍公园的降温和热舒适效果的具体贡献尚不清楚。本研究通过选择上海的14个典型袖珍公园，并使用无人机（UAV）收集高分辨率的冠层和热数据，填补了这一空白。采用广义加性模型评估了热条件与空间变量之间的关系。通过比较袖珍公园与非植被参考地点的地表温度（Ts）和空气温度（Ta）的相对差异来量化降温效果，同时使用通用热气候指数（UTCI）评估热舒适度。结果显示：（1）袖珍公园的平均Ts比非植被地点低3.98°C，Ta低1.18°C，UTCI低3.74°C。（2）ΔUTCI与冠层覆盖率之间存在正线性关系，表明冠层覆盖率的增加可以提升热舒适度。（3）在考虑三维（3D）指标时，平均叶高与ΔTa和ΔUTCI呈正相关，而叶高多样性则产生负面影响。值得注意的是，当3D绿色体积超过22立方米时，ΔUTCI会降低，这表明由多个小树组成的高大单层冠层公园（每棵树的3D绿色体积低于22立方米）在夏季能够优化热效益。本研究为袖珍公园的降温和热舒适效果提供了关键见解，并为公园维护和重新设计，特别是在城市热缓解和适应策略的背景下，提供了实用指导。
Air regulation service is affected by green areas cover and fragmentation: An analysis using demand, supply and flow during COVID-19 quarantine
空气调节服务受绿地覆盖与碎片化影响：基于COVID-19隔离期间需求、供给与流动的分析Urban green areas are a potential supplier of air quality regulation service. However, research to date has mostly focused on the effects of the amount of these areas, with few studies evaluating how configuration aspects, such as spatial fragmentation, affect air quality services. Even less is known about how this service varies with decreasing pollutant emissions. Here we fill these research gaps by testing the contribution of green areas composition and configuration in reducing air pollution, before and during the COVID-19 quarantine period, in the largest city of the Global South (São Paulo, Brazil). We relied on a model selection approach using hourly concentrations of different pollutants (CO, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10,) as response variables. As predictors, we consider meteorological variables, the amount and fragmentation of green areas (related to air quality regulation supply), the quantity of vehicle emissions (proxy of demand pressure), all this at different spatial scales (proxy of pollutant flows from emission to supply areas). Our results showed that higher tree cover and lower vehicular emissions decreased concentrations of CO, NO2 and PM. Air quality regulation was higher in periods of low demand (start of quarantine), when compared to periods of high demand (before and the last part of quarantine). Lower levels of pollutants were associated with greater amounts of green areas at scales of up to 1,000 m from the air quality monitoring station. This indicates that the presence of green areas can have positive effects on air quality at distances of up to 1,000 m from the sites where pollutants are emitted. Our results show that to enhance air regulation services in large urban areas, it is important to maximize the amount of green areas and minimize their fragmentation, beyond the reduction of vehicular emissions.城市绿地是空气质量调节服务的潜在提供者。然而，迄今为止的研究大多集中在这些区域的数量效应上，较少有研究评估配置方面（如空间碎片化）如何影响空气质量服务。关于随着污染物排放减少，这项服务如何变化的了解更少。在此，我们通过在全球南方最大的城市（巴西圣保罗）测试绿地组成和配置在减少空气污染方面的贡献，填补了这些研究空白，研究时间涵盖COVID-19隔离期间及之前。我们采用模型选择方法，以不同污染物（CO、NO2、PM2.5和PM10）的小时浓度作为响应变量。作为预测变量，我们考虑了气象变量、绿地的数量和碎片化（与空气质量调节供应相关）、车辆排放量（需求压力的代理变量），所有这些在不同空间尺度上（污染物从排放到供应区域流动的代理变量）。我们的结果显示，较高的树覆盖率和较低的车辆排放量减少了CO、NO2和PM的浓度。与高需求时期（隔离前和隔离后期）相比，低需求时期（隔离开始时）的空气质量调节效果更高。较低的污染物水平与距离空气质量监测站最多1000米范围内较多的绿地数量相关联。这表明，绿地的存在可以在污染物排放地点周围最多1000米的范围内对空气质量产生积极影响。我们的结果表明，为了在大型城市区域内增强空气调节服务，除了减少车辆排放外，最大化绿地数量并最小化其碎片化也是至关重要的。
‘It’s not necessarily a social space’ − Institutions, power and nature’s wellbeing benefits in the context of diverse inner-city neighbourhoods
“‘这不一定是社交空间’——多元化市中心社区中制度、权力与自然福祉益处”Built environment characteristics can greatly influence pedestrians' route choices with factors beyond distance, such as accessibility, convenience, safety, and aesthetics, playing crucial roles. Although current navigation apps, such as Google Maps and Waze, have successfully provided driving directions, their navigation services are insufficient and sometimes unrealistic for addressing pedestrians' needs, largely due to the lack of dedicated pedestrian networks and the associated navigation algorithms. To address the research gaps, this paper proposes a novel approach that integrates freely available geospatial data and computer vision technology to create a specialized inclusive network dataset for outdoor pedestrian navigation. Moreover, a pedestrian navigation algorithm is developed to generate more practical “shortest” and “alternative” paths by incorporating various sidewalk attributes. We applied the method to create a pedestrian navigation network in Las Vegas. SpaceNet's open imagery dataset was used to extract Las Vegas's road networks. A virtual audit process assessed the visual and operational properties of the sidewalk networks using Google street-level images, evaluating factors including sidewalk presence, widths, surface types and conditions, missing curb ramps, greenery, protection from weather conditions, and lighting. Google Earth's open elevation data were used to analyze road elevation profiles as meaningful 3D indicators of sidewalk accessibility for wheelchair users. Further, additional geometric properties of the network, including road curviness, proximity to road intersections, and directional changes, were detected and analyzed. A navigation experiment conducted with individuals having varying mobility abilities, including regular pedestrians, older adults, and wheelchair users demonstrated the effectiveness of the newly developed network and algorithm in meeting the diverse needs of pedestrians.城市自然被广泛认为为人们和社区提供福祉利益，但来自多样化和弱势背景的证据表明，这些利益并非所有人都能平等地体验到。本文通过聚焦伦敦市中心两个正在进行再生的多样化住房区，探讨城市自然如何被互动以产生关系性福祉，揭示了这一复杂性。我们关注正式机构的作用，以及人们对空间特征及其意义和功能所形成的认知，探讨这些中介因素如何塑造人类与自然的互动以及自然福祉影响的共生产。来自定量和定性数据的研究结果表明，城市自然有助于五维福祉概念的各个方面。但社会住房居民和年轻人体验这些利益的能力受到限制。诸如空间所有权感及其适当使用的认知、对冲突和犯罪的恐惧等非正式社会控制机制，限制了居民对绿地及其内活动的访问程度。加上正式机构如租赁类型、住房目标和优化场地分配的标准，这些因素共同产生了公共绿地使用的层级，并加强了不同人口和社会经济地位人群之间的现有分歧。研究结果强调需要促进在住房和绿地提供中建立关于自然空间访问和适当使用的共享和包容性规范。
Evaluating objective and perceived ecosystem service in urban context: An indirect method based on housing market
评估城市环境中的客观与感知生态系统服务：基于住房市场的间接方法Ecosystem service (ES) evaluation is usually based on the stocks of natural resources and their functions. However, the value of ES in the urban area depends on human activities more than the existence of natural resources. This research implements an indirect market method by integrating hedonic housing price model to assess ES in urban context from both objective (remote sensing) and subjective perspectives (street view image). Machine learning tools are employed to investigate the impacts of objective and perceived ES on housing prices based on a case study in Wuxi, China. The analytical results suggest that the contribution of ES to house prices in Wuxi ranges from 0% to 10.85%. Further investigation found that visible trees are the most important ES factor of housing price, more important than the coverage of green space. We also find that the quality of blue-green spaces might modify the value of ES, while the poor landscape design and water pollution in the central urban area made the values of ES low in the housing market. This study proves that the indirect method based on the housing market is helpful in valuing ES in the urban context. The high importance of perceived blue-green spaces in ES encourages more efforts on landscape design rather than only increasing coverage.生态系统服务（ES）的评估通常基于自然资源的存量及其功能。然而，城市地区的ES价值更多地依赖于人类活动而非自然资源的存在。本研究通过整合享乐住房价格模型，采用间接市场方法，从客观（遥感）和主观（街景图像）两个角度评估城市环境中的ES。利用机器学习工具，基于中国无锡的案例研究，探讨了客观和感知ES对房价的影响。分析结果表明，ES对无锡房价的贡献范围为0%至10.85%。进一步研究发现，显眼的树木是影响房价的最重要的ES因素，比绿地覆盖率更为重要。我们还发现，蓝绿空间的质量可能会调节ES的价值，而市中心区域的景观设计不佳和水污染使得ES在房市中的价值较低。本研究证明，基于住房市场的间接方法有助于评估城市环境中的ES。感知蓝绿空间在ES中的高重要性鼓励更多地投入到景观设计中，而不仅仅是增加覆盖率。
Neighborhood environmental conditions and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis in Hong Kong adults
COVID-19 疫情期间邻里环境条件与福祉：香港成年人网络分析Neighborhood environmental conditions (NEC) refer to various environmental factors that are associated with individuals’ well-being (WB). Most existing studies, however, did not account for the complex interdependence among various NEC components in their effects on WB. This study aimed to use a network approach to examine the associations between NEC and WB during the COVID-19 pandemic. A population-wide survey recruited 2,170 community adults via stratified random sampling in Hong Kong (mean age = 45.0 years, SD = 14.9, 44.2 % male) between December 2021 and April 2022. The participants completed measures on Satisfaction with Life Scale, NEC, WB, and demographic characteristics. Network analysis was conducted using Gaussian graphical models in R to identify the central nodes of NEC and associations between NEC and WB nodes in the network. All network models showed adequate levels of stability. ‘Pedestrian facilities’ and ‘Leisure and cultural facilities’ were the central nodes in the NEC cluster. Nodes in the NEC cluster showed 11 bridge edges with the WB nodes. Public hygiene was positively linked to environmental WB and life satisfaction; air quality was positively linked to life satisfaction; and public transport convenience and family friendliness were positively linked to family WB. There were significant differences in the network structure across urbanicity but not gender and age groups. The present study utilized the network approach to elucidate the central NEC nodes and the bridge associations between NEC and WB during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings have practical implications for improving population health in future environmental health research.邻里环境条件（NEC）指的是与个人福祉（WB）相关的各种环境因素。然而，大多数现有研究并未考虑各个NEC组成部分在其对福祉影响中的复杂相互依赖关系。本研究旨在采用网络方法，考察COVID-19疫情期间NEC与WB之间的关联。研究通过分层随机抽样在香港招募了2,170名社区成年人（平均年龄=45.0岁，标准差=14.9，男性占44.2%），调查时间为2021年12月至2022年4月。参与者完成了生活满意度量表、NEC、WB及人口统计特征的测量。研究使用R中的高斯图模型进行网络分析，以识别NEC的核心节点及NEC与WB节点之间的关联。所有网络模型均显示出足够的稳定性。“步行设施”和“休闲与文化设施”是NEC集群中的核心节点。NEC集群中的节点与WB节点之间存在11条桥接边。公共卫生与环境福祉和生活满意度呈正相关；空气质量与生活满意度呈正相关；公共交通便利性和家庭友好性与家庭福祉呈正相关。网络结构在城市化程度上存在显著差异，但在性别和年龄组之间则无显著差异。本研究利用网络方法阐明了COVID-19疫情期间NEC的核心节点及NEC与WB之间的桥接关联。研究结果对未来环境健康研究中改善人口健康具有实际意义。
A novel method of urban landscape perception based on biological vision processUrban landscape perception is essential for understanding the interaction between individuals and the built environment, impacting urban space quality improvement. This study bridges the gap in comprehending the mechanisms, processes, and content of landscape perception that previous studies have not fully addressed. By integrating urban landscape studies with the biological vision process, a new theoretical framework is proposed, which includes an index system with 4 dimensions: color features, landscape elements, spatial forms, and landscape imagery, consisting of 30 indicators. Furthermore, a novel method leveraging Large Vision Models for color analysis, semantic segmentation, object detection, and depth prediction is introduced. This method allows for the accurate extraction of objective features of urban landscapes and uses the Random Forest to analyze the nonlinear relationships between objective features and subjective perceptions. An empirical study conducted in Chongqing demonstrates that color features and spatial forms significantly influence landscape perception, similar to the landscape elements. Moreover, ablation experiments demonstrate that our approach, based on the biological vision process, improves accuracy and fit compared to existing methods. This study elucidates crucial factors affecting landscape perception, refines and generalizes perception methods, and aids planners in navigating complex scenarios, contributing to the practical application and widespread adoption of landscape perception in urban planning.城市景观感知对于理解个体与建成环境之间的互动至关重要，进而影响城市空间质量的提升。本研究弥补了以往研究未能充分探讨的景观感知的机制、过程和内容方面的空白。通过将城市景观研究与生物视觉过程相结合，提出了一个新的理论框架，该框架包括一个由颜色特征、景观元素、空间形态和景观意象四个维度组成的指标体系，共计30个指标。此外，研究引入了一种利用大型视觉模型进行颜色分析、语义分割、目标检测和深度预测的新方法。该方法能够准确提取城市景观的客观特征，并使用随机森林分析客观特征与主观感知之间的非线性关系。在重庆进行的实证研究表明，颜色特征和空间形态对景观感知有显著影响，类似于景观元素的作用。此外，消融实验显示，基于生物视觉过程的方法在准确性和拟合度上优于现有方法。本研究阐明了影响景观感知的关键因素，完善并推广了感知方法，帮助规划者应对复杂情境，有助于景观感知在城市规划中的实际应用和广泛采用。River invertebrate biodiversity benefits from upstream urban woodland
In urban environments, invertebrate communities are subjected to a broad mixture of impacts, including diffuse pollution. Pollutant mixtures and habitat degradation can combine to apply stress on community diversity. Water quality is influenced by the assemblage and mosaic of catchment land cover. Amongst a wider suite of Nature-Based Solutions, the value of urban woodland is increasingly recognized as having potential to support a range of ecosystem services. Despite an increasing focus on establishing urban woodland for aquatic conservation, its actual influence is yet to be manifested. Therefore, we explored trees’ location in riparian and upstream catchment, within and outside of the urban area. We conducted a combination of systematic literature review and statistical analysis to better understand the woodland influence. Despite the wide range of bioindicators studied and broad worldwide spectrum of geo-climatic regimes covered, literature evidence for benefits were found in at least half the cases. With a focus on the overall family richness and the sensitive orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera family richness as bioindicators, the statistical analysis comprised a national study in England covering 143 sites with substantial urban cover, totaling 4226 invertebrate community observations over 30 years. Two satellite-derived land cover maps were used to enable discrimination between urban and extra-urban woodland. The analysis supported the literature evidence that impervious land had negative effects and woodland positive effects. In the urban and upstream catchment, woodland was more important than pasture or cropland. There was some evidence of those woodland effects being more advantageous when trees are located within the urban area itself. Benefits attributable to woodland were distinctly apparent against a backdrop of improving macroinvertebrate diversity found to be synchronous with long-term reductions in urban pollution signatures. The presence of sparse land, even in small amounts, was detrimental to macroinvertebrate diversity. These areas of low vegetative cover might be detrimental due to high sediment input and legacy industrial contamination. Given the increasing accessibility of land cover data, the approach adopted in this case study is applicable elsewhere wherever macroinvertebrate community data are also available.在城市环境中，无脊椎动物群落面临着包括弥漫性污染在内的多种影响。污染物混合和栖息地退化可能共同对群落多样性施加压力。水质受到集水区土地覆盖组合和镶嵌模式的影响。在广泛的基于自然的解决方案中，城市林地的价值越来越被认可，因其有潜力支持多种生态系统服务。尽管越来越多的关注点放在建立用于水生保护的城市林地上，其实际影响尚未显现。因此，我们探讨了城市内外河岸及上游集水区中树木的位置。我们结合系统文献综述和统计分析，以更好地理解林地的影响。尽管研究的生物指示器种类繁多，涵盖了全球范围内广泛的地理气候区，但文献中至少有一半的案例显示出林地的益处。以总体科丰富度及敏感目（蜉蝣目、石蝇目和鱗翅目）的科丰富度作为生物指示器，统计分析包括在英格兰进行的全国性研究，覆盖143个具有大量城市覆盖的地点，总计30年内对4226个无脊椎动物群落的观察。使用了两张卫星衍生的土地覆盖图，以区分城市林地和非城市林地。分析结果支持文献证据，即不透水地具有负面影响，而林地具有正面影响。在城市及上游集水区，林地的重要性超过了牧场或耕地。有证据表明，当树木位于城市区域内部时，林地的效果更为有利。归因于林地的益处在宏观无脊椎动物多样性改善的背景下尤为明显，这与长期减少的城市污染特征同步出现。即使是少量的稀疏土地也对宏观无脊椎动物多样性有害。这些低植被覆盖区域可能由于高沉积物输入和遗留的工业污染而产生不利影响。鉴于土地覆盖数据的可获取性日益提高，本案例研究采用的方法适用于其他任何有宏观无脊椎动物群落数据的地方。
Narratives of exclusion: A photovoice study towards racial equity and justice in public urban greenspaces
“排斥叙事：一项关于城市公共绿地中种族公平与正义的摄影声音研究”During the COVID-19 pandemic, public urban greenspaces were sought as places of respite. However, deep inequities surfaced regarding who had access to safe high-quality greenspaces. The Park Perceptions and Racialized Realities study explored the experiences of racialized people in public urban greenspaces in Toronto, Canada.This qualitative, community-based participatory action research took place in two neighbourhoods. Adapting photovoice methodology, participants were invited to (a) go on two individual greenspace visits, taking photographs in response to prompts on their experiences, and (b) participate in an online semi-structured interview to debrief their photographs and experiences. Eighteen racialized participants took over 200 photographs and videos, which were collaboratively thematically analysed by a community working group. This approach informed a deeper thematic analysis focused on racial justice and equity.Findings were mapped onto four environmental justice principles: distributional, procedural, recognitional, and restorative. This framework allowed for findings to contribute to environmental justice discourse on urban greenspaces, leverage Critical Race Theory, and offer action-oriented considerations for greenspace design and planning that center racialized experiences.Racialized residents enjoy using public urban greenspaces but face barriers, including unequal provision, limited access, maintenance inequities, exclusion from design and planning processes and unmet needs. Greenspace planning often neglects lived experiences and reinforces systemic inequities derived from racism, falling into the same traps and tensions that Critical Race Theory has identified in other disciplines such as colorblindness, interest convergence and structural determinism. A critical race lens provides a critical, justice-oriented framework for improving equity in greenspaces.在COVID-19疫情期间，公共城市绿地被视为休憩之所。然而，关于谁能够获得安全高质量绿地的问题暴露出了深层的不平等现象。《公园感知与种族化现实》研究探讨了加拿大多伦多种族化人群在公共城市绿地中的体验。这项定性、基于社区的参与式行动研究在两个社区进行。采用照片声音（photovoice）方法，邀请参与者(a)进行两次个人绿地访问，按照提示拍摄反映其体验的照片，并且(b)参加在线半结构化访谈，以回顾他们的照片和体验。十八名种族化参与者共拍摄了200多张照片和视频，这些资料由一个社区工作小组进行协作主题分析。这一方法为聚焦于种族正义和公平的更深入主题分析提供了依据。研究结果被映射到四个环境正义原则上：分配正义、程序正义、认同正义和恢复正义。该框架使研究结果能够为关于城市绿地的环境正义话语贡献力量，利用批判种族理论（Critical Race Theory），并为以种族化体验为中心的绿地设计和规划提供面向行动的考虑因素。种族化居民享受使用公共城市绿地的过程，但面临诸多障碍，包括不平等的绿地供应、有限的访问权限、维护不公、被排除在设计和规划过程之外以及未满足的需求。绿地规划往往忽视了人们的实际体验，并强化了源自种族主义的系统性不平等，陷入了批判种族理论在其他学科中所识别的陷阱和紧张局势，如色盲主义、利益趋同和结构决定论。批判种族视角为改善绿地公平性提供了一个批判性、正义导向的框架。The role of urban amenities in facilitating social mixing: Evidence from Stockholm
城市设施在促进社会融合中的作用：来自斯德哥尔摩的证据Though the existence of socioeconomic segregation in social interactions has been consistently documented and compared across cities in a growing body of literature, less attention has been paid to within-city analysis of the types of places at which particularly integrated or segregated interactions occur. Dependencies between socioeconomic profile, residential location, preferences and behavior make this kind of analysis difficult. Further, beyond understanding where diverse social interactions take place, it is important to know whether increasing access to those types of spaces via changes to the transportation network can actually increase the level of diversity in social interactions—a more causal question that remains relatively unexplored in the literature. This study presents new perspectives on analyzing social mixing and socioeconomic integration in cities using geolocated cellphone data. Using a call detail record dataset which describes the movements of over one million cell phone users in Stockholm, Sweden, this study quantifies the contribution of access to various types of urban amenities to one’s exposure to people with diverse income levels. Our results provide evidence that areas of the city with more libraries, educational institutions, healthcare establishments, parks and restaurants host more exposures between people who are different from one another in terms of income. Further, we leverage random shocks to the transportation network that come from maintenance-based road closures to identify a causal relationship between access to parks, services and healthcare establishments and experienced income diversity. Temporary, random increases in travel times to these spaces due to road closures result in less diverse day-to-day encounters for urban residents.【摘要翻译】
尽管大量文献持续记录并比较了城市间社会互动中的社会经济隔离现象，但对城市内部分析特别是高整合或高隔离互动发生的地点类型关注较少。社会经济特征、居住位置、偏好和行为之间的依赖关系使这种分析变得复杂。此外，除了了解多样化社会互动发生的地点外，了解通过交通网络的变化增加对这些类型空间的访问是否能够实际提升社会互动的多样性水平——这是一个在文献中相对未被探讨的因果问题——也同样重要。本研究利用地理定位手机数据，提出了分析城市社会混合和社会经济整合的新视角。通过使用描述斯德哥尔摩超过一百万手机用户移动情况的通话详单记录数据集，本文量化了获取各种城市设施对个人接触不同收入水平人群的贡献。我们的结果提供了证据，表明城市中拥有更多图书馆、教育机构、医疗机构、公园和餐馆的区域，能够促成更多不同收入人群之间的接触。此外，我们利用因维护引起的道路封闭等交通网络的随机冲击，识别了获取公园、服务设施和医疗机构与所经历的收入多样性之间的因果关系。由于道路封闭导致的对这些空间旅行时间的临时随机增加，城市居民的日常接触多样性减少。“I like seeing people, different cultures, and hearing different music”: Exploring adolescent perspectives of inclusive and healthy high-rise and dense urban environment designs
“我喜欢看到人们、不同的文化，以及听到不同的音乐”：探索青少年对包容性和健康高层及密集城市环境设计的视角As countries continue to urbanize, an increasing number of adolescents will live in densely populated urban areas, often residing in high-rise buildings. Despite these trends, many high-rises, and their surrounding areas, sparsely consider the needs of adolescents. This results in urban environments that are often ill-suited to sufficiently support the health and development of adolescents. In the present study, we conducted geo-logged and participant-led go-along interviews lasting between 40–120 min and travelling ∼ 1 km, from July-December 2023 to explore how adolescents (13–18 years; n = 22) perceived the inclusiveness and health-promoting qualities of high-rise and densified urban environments. We employed Gehl’s Inclusive Healthy Place Framework (IHPF) to inform our abductive thematic analysis and frame our ensuing discussions via its four guiding principles (i.e., context, process, design and program, sustain). Our findings outline 11 distinct themes highlighting the importance of desirable social and cultural activity options, meaningful local sites, and diversity in the local active use designs and spaces. Conversely, adolescents expressed worries regarding weak social connectivity, poor sanitation, lacking place legibility, and ‘anti-social’ designs. We discuss specific implications for urban design, planning, and health audiences regarding building (e.g., communal space) and neighborhood (e.g., streetscapes with patios) design.【摘要翻译】
随着各国持续城市化，越来越多的青少年将生活在人口密集的城市区域，通常居住在高层建筑中。尽管有这些趋势，许多高层建筑及其周边区域却很少考虑青少年的需求。这导致城市环境往往无法充分支持青少年的健康和发展。在本研究中，我们于2023年7月至12月期间，进行了持续40至120分钟、行程约1公里的地理记录和参与者主导的随行访谈，以探讨青少年（13-18岁；n=22）如何看待高层和密集城市环境的包容性及促进健康的特质。我们采用Gehl的包容性健康场所框架（IHPF）指导我们的溯因主题分析，并通过其四个指导原则（即背景、过程、设计与程序、持续）构建后续讨论。研究结果概述了11个不同主题，强调了理想的社会和文化活动选项、有意义的本地场所以及本地积极使用设计和空间的多样性的重要性。相反，青少年表达了对弱社会连通性、卫生条件差、场所辨识度不足和“反社会”设计的担忧。我们讨论了针对城市设计、规划和健康相关受众在建筑（如公共空间）和社区（如带庭院的街景）设计方面的具体影响。Multi-species ecological network based on asymmetric movement: Application in an urban rural fringe
基于非对称移动的多物种生态网络：城市农村边缘的应用Ecological network (EN) is a popular approach for biodiversity conservation, which aims to facilitate animal movement between habitats. However, asymmetric movement caused by the subjectivity of animals and environment heterogeneity is seldom considered in EN design. To design EN based on asymmetric movement, an individual-based model, PDArunner, is developed, which can identify corridors based on explicit movement paths. Since the urban–rural fringe is susceptible to landscape change, a multi-species EN based on asymmetric movement is designed for Jinnan district, Tianjin, China by simulating movement of Mustela sibirica, Spilopelia chinensis and Gallinula chloropus using PDArunner. Asymmetric movement is partitioned based on the size of departure and arrival habitats. Asymmetric corridors are thus identified based on movement in particular direction. In Jinnan, successful transfer rate of focal species from small to large habitat increases with difference in habitat size. The spatial extent of asymmetric corridors is more concentrated for G. chloropus. There are more corridors from large to small habitats than in the opposite direction, especially for S. chinensis and G. chloropus. There are more one-way corridors for S. chinensis and G. chloropus than M. sibirica. Perceptible high vegetation coverage places with large enough contrast to environment are suggested to be consecutive within 50 m for M. sibirica in Jinnan, which also benefits S. chinensi. G. chloropus can benefit from well-conserved water quality and quantity. A cross-administration collaboration is also highlighted for large scale conservation.
【摘要翻译】
生态网络（EN）是一种流行的生物多样性保护方法，旨在促进动物在栖息地之间的移动。然而，动物的主观性和环境异质性导致的非对称移动在EN设计中很少被考虑。为了基于非对称移动设计EN，开发了一个个体基础模型——PDArunner，该模型能够基于明确的移动路径识别生态廊道。由于城乡边缘地区容易受到景观变化的影响，利用PDArunner模拟东北红腹鸽（Spilopelia chinensis）、绿色莺鹟（Gallinula chloropus）和西伯利亚水獭（Mustela sibirica）的移动行为，为中国天津市津南区设计了一个基于非对称移动的多物种生态网络。非对称移动根据出发栖息地和到达栖息地的大小进行划分，从而基于特定方向的移动识别出非对称廊道。在津南区，重点物种从小栖息地向大栖息地的成功转移率随着栖息地大小差异的增加而提高。绿色莺鹟的非对称廊道空间范围更为集中。大栖息地向小栖息地的廊道数量多于相反方向，尤其对于东北红腹鸽和绿色莺鹟而言。一方向廊道的数量对于东北红腹鸽和绿色莺鹟多于西伯利亚水獭。建议在津南区，为西伯利亚水獭设置具有足够环境对比度且植被覆盖率较高的区域，且这些区域应在50米范围内连续，这也有利于东北红腹鸽。绿色莺鹟可以从水质和水量良好保护中受益。此外，研究还强调了跨行政合作在大规模保护中的重要性。
Integrated assessment of urban green infrastructure multifunctionality: Insights from Stavanger
城市绿色基础设施多功能性的综合评估：来自斯塔万格的见解Optimised contributions of green infrastructure (GI) to urban ecosystem services are strongly related to its multifunctionality. The challenge, however, is that the concept of multifunctionality still needs to be transformed into an operationalised assessment to evaluate current performance, which is instrumental in supporting spatial planning and policy strategies. Using the case of Stavanger City (Norway), the study conducted a spatial assessment of the multifunctionality of the urban green infrastructure. The study used a comprehensive set of 27 function indicators estimated for each of the 156 spatial units classified by their type, age, size, and biophysical characteristics. Correlation patterns among indicators and how the average and effective multifunctionality related to unit characteristics were analysed using correlation and multivariate approaches.The study demonstrated weak correlations between function indicators but revealed some potential trade-offs and function bundles. Notably, bundles related to tree cover (e.g. C sequestration, stormwater retention) had negative relationships with facilitation measures. There was a large overlap in functions between GI types associated with public green spaces and parks. Moreover, the characteristics of green infrastructure units, like size and age, primarily affected multifunctionality through effects on function indicators. Regarding the city-wide multifunctionality, we found some turnover and subsetting of functions among units, supporting multifunctionality at larger spatial scales. However, the average contributions from different GI types were similar. The study highlights the need to understand correlation patterns among function indicators and function bundles as critical to benefit from synergies and avoid unintentional trade-offs when designing and managing urban green areas.【摘要翻译】
绿色基础设施（Green Infrastructure, GI）对城市生态系统服务的优化贡献与其多功能性密切相关。然而，挑战在于，多功能性的概念仍需转化为可操作的评估方法，以评估当前绩效，这对于支持空间规划和政策策略至关重要。本研究以挪威斯塔万格市为例，对城市绿色基础设施的多功能性进行了空间评估。研究采用了一套包含27个功能指标的综合指标体系，对156个根据类型、年龄、规模及生物物理特征分类的空间单元进行了估算。通过相关性分析和多变量方法，研究分析了指标之间的相关模式以及平均和有效多功能性与单元特征之间的关系。研究结果显示，功能指标之间的相关性较弱，但揭示了一些潜在的权衡和功能组合。特别是，与树冠覆盖相关的功能组合（如碳封存、雨水滞留）与促进措施呈负相关。公共绿地和公园相关的GI类型在功能上有较大的重叠。此外，绿色基础设施单元的特征，如规模和年龄，主要通过影响功能指标来影响多功能性。在全市范围内的多功能性方面，研究发现单元之间存在一定的功能替代和子集现象，支持在更大空间尺度上的多功能性。然而，不同GI类型的平均贡献相似。研究强调，理解功能指标之间及功能组合之间的相关模式对于在设计和管理城市绿地时充分利用协同效应并避免无意的权衡至关重要。Landscapes of thermal inequality: Exploring patterns of climate justice across multiple spatial scales in Spain
热不平等的景观：探索西班牙多空间尺度下的气候正义模式Over the last four decades, global temperatures have seen a generalized, long-term increase, and Europe is at the forefront of this trend, with temperatures rising by over twice the global average in the past 30 years. And the problem of excessive heat exposure is disproportionately more serious urban areas than it is in rural areas. This study investigates the issue of thermal inequality in Southern Europe, a largely understudied region exposed to substantial heat stress. We selected five major Spanish cities that reflect different socio-demographic and environmental contexts of the country, using the city’s administrative boundaries as our unit of analysis. We used bespoke neighborhoods to investigate heat inequality at multiple spatial scales. To illustrate the relationship between the thermal inequality patterns and the socio-demographic characteristics of neighborhoods, we estimated three separate generalized least squares regression models for each city, with the outcome variable being the average land surface temperature values in bespoke neighborhoods across the three spatial scales: 300 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m. The actual link between heat exposure and neighborhood characteristics appears to be sensitive to the local social, economic, institutional, historical and geographical context. Nonetheless, the connection between heat exposure and residents’ socioeconomic status, as well as the association of neighborhood population density with land surface temperature, seems to maintain consistent significance, often retaining their importance despite the spatial scale of analysis and employed zoning method.
【摘要翻译】
在过去四十年中，全球气温普遍呈长期上升趋势，欧洲处于这一趋势的前沿，过去三十年气温上升幅度超过全球平均水平的两倍。过度热暴露的问题在城市地区比在农村地区更为严重，且影响不成比例。本研究探讨了南欧的热不平等问题，这是一个在很大程度上被忽视的地区，面临着显著的热应力。我们选择了五个主要的西班牙城市，这些城市反映了该国不同的社会人口和环境背景，并以城市的行政边界作为分析单元。我们使用定制的街区在多个空间尺度上研究热不平等。为了说明热不平等模式与街区社会人口特征之间的关系，我们为每个城市估算了三个独立的广义最小二乘回归模型，结果变量是在三个空间尺度（300米、1000米和2000米）上定制街区的平均地表温度值。热暴露与街区特征之间的实际联系似乎对当地的社会、经济、制度、历史和地理环境具有敏感性。尽管如此，热暴露与居民社会经济地位之间的关联，以及街区人口密度与地表温度之间的关系，似乎保持了一致的重要性，尽管分析的空间尺度和采用的分区方法有所不同。New York City 2100: Environmental justice implications of future scenarios for addressing extreme heat
纽约市2100：应对极端高温的未来情景对环境正义的影响Climate-driven hazards, such as extreme heat or precipitation, are threatening the current and future livability of New York City (NYC) and disproportionately affecting low-income communities and communities of color. To envision future climate resilience, government stakeholders and researchers co-produced future scenarios for 2100 in response to climate hazards for NYC during participatory workshops in Fall 2021. A commonly co-produced strategy included urban green infrastructure (UGI) because of its potential to retain runoff and provide cooling benefits. We ask, what are the potential environmental justice implications of ecosystem services provisioned from UGI distribution in the co-produced NYC future scenario compared to a business-as-usual future scenario? To analyze potential outcomes and tradeoffs, we integrated spatially-explicit UGI strategies into simulated land use and cover models. We then assessed two ecosystem services (flood and heat mitigation) using the spatially-explicit tool Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). We explored potential environmental justice implications by comparing the provision of ecosystem services to sociodemographic indicators within census block groups between scenarios. Presently, ecosystem services are disproportionately lower for communities of color, including predominantly Asian, Black/African-American, and Hispanic/Latino communities. In future scenarios we found ecosystem service provision will decrease within these communities under business-as-usual land development. The future scenario co-produced for extreme heat resilience, however, shows an increase in overall provisioning across NYC, including in neighborhoods with a high proportion of people of color. Our results show that co-produced future scenarios can be used to inform strategic future planning for inclusive adaptation decisions to improve future climate resilience and justice.
【摘要翻译】
气候驱动的灾害，如极端高温或降水，正在威胁纽约市（NYC）当前和未来的宜居性，并且对低收入社区和有色人种社区的影响不成比例。为了构想未来的气候韧性，政府利益相关者和研究人员在2021年秋季的参与式工作坊期间，共同制作了针对NYC气候灾害的2100年未来情景。其中一个共同制定的策略包括城市绿色基础设施（UGI），因为其具有保留径流和提供降温效益的潜力。我们的问题是，与“按现状”未来情景相比，在共同制定的NYC未来情景中，由UGI分布提供的生态系统服务可能带来哪些环境正义方面的影响？为了分析潜在的结果和权衡，我们将空间明确的UGI策略整合到模拟的土地利用和覆盖模型中。然后，我们使用空间明确的工具“生态系统服务与权衡综合评估”（InVEST）评估了两种生态系统服务（洪水和高温缓解）。通过比较不同情景下生态系统服务的提供与人口普查区组内的社会人口指标，我们探讨了潜在的环境正义影响。目前，生态系统服务在有色人种社区中明显较低，包括主要由亚裔、黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔社区组成的区域。在未来情景中，我们发现按照“按现状”土地开发，这些社区的生态系统服务提供将会减少。然而，为应对极端高温韧性而共同制定的未来情景显示，NYC整体生态系统服务的提供将增加，包括在有较高比例有色人种居民的社区。我们的结果表明，共同制定的未来情景可以用于指导战略性未来规划，以实现包容性的适应决策，从而改善未来的气候韧性和正义。
Comment on: “Mapping the climate risk to urban forests at city scale” by Esperon-Rodriguez et al.
由Esperon-Rodriguez等人撰写，针对城市森林面临的气候风险进行了系统性的映射与分析With the bulk of the global population now living in cities, creating a cool, green refuge through extensive urban forests is a priority. However, we are concerned that tree species currently growing in our cities may not tolerate future climates. Esperon-Rodriguez et al. (2024) recently presented an estimate of ‘climate risk’ for a given tree species in a given location using a climate safety margin, based on the difference between the current climate of that city and the realized climate niche of that tree species globally. We attempted to validate this method by relating safety margin estimates with hydraulic vulnerability, a key plant functional trait linked to tree species drought tolerance. However, we found no relationship and therefore caution against the use of climate-based, safety margin methods of assessing urban tree species suitability or climate risk without further context. To develop a robust method of validation, we suggest greater focus on establishing urban forest inventory and tree health data in future climate analogue cities.
【摘要翻译】
随着全球大部分人口现居城市，通过广泛的城市森林创建凉爽、绿色的避风港成为一项优先任务。然而，我们担心目前在城市中生长的树种可能无法耐受未来的气候变化。Esperon-Rodriguez 等人（2024）最近基于城市当前气候与该树种全球实现的气候生态位之间的差异，提出了一种使用气候安全裕度估算特定地点特定树种“气候风险”的方法。我们尝试通过将安全裕度估算与液压脆弱性（与树种抗旱能力相关的关键植物功能性状）关联起来来验证这一方法。然而，我们未发现两者之间存在关系，因此建议在缺乏进一步背景信息的情况下，谨慎使用基于气候的安全裕度方法来评估城市树种的适宜性或气候风险。为了开发一种可靠的验证方法，我们建议未来在气候类比城市中更加注重建立城市森林清查和树木健康数据。
From land-based to people-based: Spatiotemporal cooling effects of peri-urban parks and their driving factors in China
从土地导向到人群导向：中国城乡周边公园的时空降温效应及其驱动因素Peri-urban areas are essential for human habitation and provide significant green spaces to improve the thermal environment, especially when urban land is limited. Understanding the factors influencing the cooling intensity of peri-urban parks is crucial for guiding decision-making in climate-responsive urban planning and management. However, relevant studies generally focus on the short-term cooling effect of urban parks, and the effect of “people-based” socio-demographics, such as park age, have rarely been analyzed. This study focuses on a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of 647 national forest parks in urban peripheries across China from 2000 to 2021. It considers three categories of driving factors: park morphology, landscape patterns, and social demographic characteristics. The findings reveal that (1) In contrast to urban parks, the geometric morphology of peri-urban parks has limited influence on cooling intensity. (2) The landscape pattern within the park significantly affects the cooling intensity. The proportion of woodland in the park increases year by year, and the negative impact of cropland on the cooling intensity decreases from −4.788 in 2000 to −0.547 in 2021. Besides, the negative impact of impervious surfaces has increased, with the coefficient decreasing from −1.022 in 2000 to −1.877 in 2021. (3) Park age significantly promotes cooling intensity when the park is between 31 and 35 years old. (4) The increase in per capita GDP and population density are associated with diminishing cooling intensity. (5) Heterogeneous analysis results reveal variations in cooling effects among parks in different climate zones. Peri-urban parks that combine blue and green spaces exhibit a more pronounced cooling effect. These research outcomes offer valuable insights for designing, planning, and managing parks and ecosystems in China, which can enhance urban climate resilience and the well-being of urban residents.
【摘要翻译】
郊区地区对人类居住至关重要，并提供了显著的绿色空间以改善热环境，尤其是在城市用地有限的情况下。了解影响郊区公园降温强度的因素对于指导气候响应型城市规划和管理中的决策至关重要。然而，相关研究通常集中于城市公园的短期降温效应，而“以人为本”的社会人口因素，如公园年龄，鲜有分析。本研究对中国2000年至2021年间647个城市周边的国家森林公园进行了全面的时空分析。研究考虑了三类驱动因素：公园形态、景观模式和社会人口特征。研究结果表明：1.与城市公园相比，郊区公园的几何形态对降温强度的影响有限。2.公园内的景观模式显著影响降温强度。公园中林地的比例逐年增加，耕地对降温强度的负面影响从2000年的−4.788减少到2021年的−0.547。此外，不透水面的负面影响有所增加，其系数从2000年的−1.022降至2021年的−1.877。3.当公园年龄在31至35岁之间时，公园年龄显著促进降温强度。4.人均GDP和人口密度的增加与降温强度的减弱相关。5.异质性分析结果显示，不同气候区公园的降温效果存在差异。结合蓝色和绿色空间的郊区公园展现出更明显的降温效果。这些研究成果为中国公园和生态系统的设计、规划和管理提供了宝贵的见解，有助于增强城市气候韧性和提升城市居民的福祉。
The role of peri-urban parks in enhancing urban green spaces accessibility in high-density contexts: An environmental justice perspective
城乡周边公园在高密度环境中提升城市绿地可达性的作用：环境正义视角Recent years have seen an increasing emphasis on peri-urban parks (PUPs) in urban green spaces (UGS) development, However, little is known about how PUPs moderate overall UGS accessibility and contribute to environmental justice, particularly for high-density cities. To address this salient gap, the present study examines the overall urban green space accessibility, the moderating effects of PUPs, and the heterogeneous and dynamic perception of these effects across diverse social groups in Hong Kong between 2000 and 2020. The results demonstrate that PUPs significantly reshape the UGS accessibility pattern across different time catchments, manifested by mitigating or even reversing the disparity between urban core and peripheral areas. For the moderating effect of PUPs, despite the general trend of reduced inequalities, recent years have witnessed an increase in the inequalities between urban districts. The findings further reveal the diverse benefits derived from PUPs for different population groups and neighborhoods. Women, the elderly, low-income groups, highly educated groups, and ethnic minorities tend to benefit less from PUPs, while children and local residents experience greater advantages. Larger households and nuclear family households have increasingly relied on PUPs, while households with housing advantages (larger size and homeownership) also enjoy more significant benefits. Notably, socio-economically disadvantaged and aging neighborhoods have experienced less and diminishing benefits from PUPs. This research offers comprehensive evidence to enhance the understanding of the relationship between peri-urban and urban parks and their impact on environmental justice, thus better informing equity-orientated UGS planning and policy-making.【摘要翻译】
近年来，城市绿地（UGS）开发中对郊区公园（PUPs）的关注日益增加。然而，对于PUPs如何调节整体UGS可达性并促进环境正义，尤其是在高密度城市中，了解甚少。为填补这一显著空白，本研究考察了2000年至2020年间香港的整体城市绿地可达性、PUPs的调节效应以及这些效应在不同社会群体中的异质性和动态感知。结果表明，PUPs显著重塑了不同时间集水区内的UGS可达性模式，表现为缓解甚至扭转了城市核心区与周边地区之间的不平等。关于PUPs的调节效应，尽管总体趋势是减少不平等，但近年来城市各区之间的不平等有所增加。研究进一步揭示了PUPs为不同人口群体和社区带来的多样化利益。女性、老年人、低收入群体、高学历群体和少数族裔往往较少受益于PUPs，而儿童和本地居民则获得了更大的优势。大家庭和核心家庭越来越依赖PUPs，而拥有住房优势（如更大面积和拥有产权）的家庭也享有更显著的利益。值得注意的是，社会经济处于不利地位和老龄化的社区从PUPs中获得的利益较少且逐渐减少。本研究提供了全面的证据，增进了对郊区公园与城市公园关系及其对环境正义影响的理解，从而更好地为以公平为导向的UGS规划和政策制定提供参考。
![]()
-----------关注公众号----------
