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1.文献信息：
Title:Meta-analysis and moderator analysis of the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk among older adults with dementia.
老年痴呆患者营养不良患病率和营养不良风险的meta分析和调节因素分析。
Journal:International Journal of Nursing Studies .
IF//JCR分区: 7.5/Q1.
Keyword:Malnutrition ; Malnutrition risk ; Dementia ; Older adult.
营养不良；营养不良的风险；痴呆；老年人。
Design:Meta-analysis and moderator analysis.
荟萃分析与调节因素分析
2. 摘要 Abstract：
（译文仅供参考）
Background: Aging and dementia are common and closely related health problems in older adults, affecting their ability to maintain a healthy diet and ultimately resulting in malnutrition.
背景:衰老和痴呆是老年人中常见且密切相关的健康问题，影响他们保持健康饮食的能力，最终导致营养不良。
Objective: In this study, we estimated the global prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk in older adults with dementia.
目的:在这项研究中，我们估计了营养不良的全球患病率和老年痴呆患者的营养不良风险。
Methods: Pooled prevalence analysis was conducted using a generalized linear mixed model and a randomeffects model. I²and Cochran's Q statistics were used for identifying heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Peters' regression test and a funnel plot. Moderator analyses were conducted to investigate variations in the prevalence estimates of the included studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using R software.
方法:采用广义线性混合模型和随机效应模型进行合并患病率分析。使用I²和Cochran's Q统计量来确定异质性。采用Peters回归检验和漏斗图评价发表偏倚。进行调节因子分析以调查纳入研究中患病率估计的差异。所有统计分析均采用R软件进行。
Results: A total of 16 studies involving a total of 6513 older adults with dementia were included in the analysis. The results indicated that 32.52 % (95 % confidence interval: 19.55–45.49) of all included older adults with dementia had malnutrition, whereas 46.80 % (95 % confidence interval: 38.90–54.70) had a risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition was found to be high among older patients living in institutionalized settings (46.59 %) and those with Alzheimer's disease (12.26 %). The factors moderating the prevalence of malnutrition included adequate vitamin B12 consumption, risk behaviors, medical comorbidities, and certain neuropsychiatric symptoms. The prevalence of malnutrition risk was high among women (29.84 %) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (26.29 %). The factors moderating the prevalence of malnutrition risk included total cholesterol level, vitamin B12 consumption, risk behaviors, medical comorbidities, and certain neuropsychiatric symptoms.
结果:共有16项研究，涉及6513名老年痴呆症患者被纳入分析。结果显示，32.52%(95%可信区间:19.55 ~ 45.49)的老年痴呆患者存在营养不良，46.80%(95%可信区间:38.90 ~ 54.70)存在营养不良风险。在生活在机构环境中的老年患者(46.59%)和患有阿尔茨海默病的患者(12.26%)中，营养不良的患病率较高。降低营养不良发生率的因素包括充足的维生素B12摄入、危险行为、医疗合并症和某些神经精神症状。营养不良风险在妇女(29.84%)和阿尔茨海默病患者(26.29%)中发生率较高。降低营养不良患病率的因素包括总胆固醇水平、维生素B12摄入量、危险行为、医疗合并症和某些神经精神症状。
Conclusions: Approximately one-third of older adults with dementia are malnourished and nearly half of older adults are at a risk of malnutrition. Encouraging collaboration among health-care professionals and ensuring early assessment and effective management of malnutrition are crucial for maintaining a favorable nutritional status in older adults with dementia.
结论:大约三分之一的老年痴呆症患者营养不良，近一半的老年人有营养不良的风险。鼓励保健专业人员之间的合作，确保营养不良的早期评估和有效管理，对于老年痴呆症患者保持良好的营养状况至关重要。
3.文献新知扩展：
①generalized linear mixed model 广义线性混合模型是什么
广义线性混合模型（Generalized Linear Mixed Model，简称GLMM）是统计学中用于分析复杂数据集的一类模型，它结合了广义线性模型（GLM）和线性混合模型（LMM）的特点。GLMM能够处理不仅响应变量呈正态分布，还可以是非正态分布的数据，并且能够考虑数据中的随机效应，从而适合分析具有层级结构或重复测量的数据集。
②MNA和MNASF问卷是什么
原文原句：In this review, malnutrition was defined and evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire and its shortened version, known as the MNA Short Form (MNASF).
在这篇综述中，营养不良的定义和评估使用迷你营养评估问卷(MNA)及其简化版本，即MNA简短表格(MNASF)。
1.迷你营养评估问卷（Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA）是一种用于评估成年人营养状况的工具，特别是老年人。MNA包括人体测量、整体评定、膳食问卷和主观评定等多个方面，通过这些方面的评分来判断个体的营养状况。MNA总分为30分，根据分数可以将个体分类为营养状况良好、潜在营养不良或营养不良。
2.为了简化评估流程，特别是在资源有限的环境中，开发了MNA的简化版本，即MNA简短表格（Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, MNA-SF）。MNA-SF包含6个与原始MNA相关性很强的条目，包括体质指数（BMI）、体重变化、急性疾病或应激、活动能力、精神心理问题以及食欲下降或进食困难。MNA-SF的总分为14分，根据分数可以将个体分类为营养状况正常、处于营养风险或营养不良。
检索词包括布尔关键字和来自医学主题词(MeSH)、主题词和Emtrees的相关关键字的组合:(患病率或流行病学或发病率或事件发生率)和(营养不良或营养不良*或营养不足或营养缺乏*或缺乏性疾病)和(痴呆*或艾滋病痴呆复合物或阿尔茨海默病或血管性痴呆或路易体痴呆或额颞叶痴呆或亨廷顿氏病或酒精相关痴呆或Klüver–Bucy综合征或帕金森病或海马硬化或痴呆*或老年偏激痴呆*或家族性痴呆*)。
④世界地图：老年痴呆症患者中(A)营养不良和(B)营养不良风险的综合患病率
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