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1.文献信息：
Title:The starting temperature of high-flow nasal cannula and perceived comfort in critically ill patients: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
危重患者高流量鼻导管起始温度与感知舒适度：一项实用的随机对照试验。
Journal:Nursing in Critical Care .
IF//JCR分区: 3.0/Q1.
Keyword:high-flow nasal cannula ; oxygen inhalation therapy ; patient comfort ; temperature.
高流量鼻导管；氧气吸入疗法；病人舒适；温度。
Design:A pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
一个实用的随机对照试验。
2. 摘要 Abstract：
（译文仅供参考）
Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is a non-invasive respiratory treatment characterized by high tolerability, which largely derives from the patient's comfort.
背景：高流量鼻导管（HFNC）疗法是一种非侵入性的呼吸治疗方法，其特点是耐受性强，这主要依靠患者的舒适度。
Study Design: This single-centre, pragmatic, randomized trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05688189). Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) in need of HFNC therapy were randomly assigned to one of three study arms: a two-step increase (31 to 34 to 37℃), a one-step increase in temperature (34–37℃) or no temperature increase (started and remained at 37℃). The patients were asked to rate their perceived comfort, as well as their perceived nasal dryness and humidity on a scale from 1 (lowest value) to 5 (highest value).
Results: We enrolled 21 patients, aged 34–85 years. The mean (±1 standard deviation) comfort level was 3.3 (1.3) for patients who received a one-step increase, 3.1 (1.3) for those who received no increase and 2.7 (1.7) for those who received a twostep increase (p = 0.714). There was also no difference in nasal dryness (p = 0.05) or humidity (p = 0.612) across the study arms. Greater comfort was fairly correlated with less nasal humidity (ρ = -0.34, 95% confidence interval -0.68 to 0.07) but not with nasal dryness (ρ = 0.01, p = 0.94).
结果：入组21例患者，年龄34-85岁。平均（±1标准差）舒适度为3.3(1.3)，一步增加的患者为3.1(1.3)，未增加的患者为3.1(1.3)，两步增加的患者为2.7 (1.7)（p = 0.714）。在整个研究组中，鼻腔干燥（p = 0.05）或湿度（p = 0.612）也没有差异。舒适程度越高，鼻腔湿度越低（ρ = -0.34, 95%可信区间-0.68 ~ 0.07），但与鼻腔干燥程度无关（ρ = 0.01, p = 0.94）。
Conclusions: After 30 min of HFNC therapy at a target temperature of 37℃, overall comfort was rated similarly in the three study arms. Additional studies are needed to accumulate evidence corroborating the findings of this study.
结论：在目标温度为37℃的HFNC治疗30分钟后，三个研究组的总体舒适度评分相似。需要更多的研究来积累证据来证实本研究的发现。
Relevance to Clinical Practice: The temperature of the mixture of air and oxygen is a fundamental component of HFNC therapy. A pragmatic approach irrespective of the initial temperature setting seems to yield a similar comfort score in hospitalized patients with mild respiratory failure because of extrapulmonary causes.
与临床实践的相关性：空气和氧气混合气体的温度是高流量鼻导管（HFNC）疗法的一个基本要素。由于肺外原因而患有轻度呼吸衰竭的住院患者中，无论初始温度设置如何，一种务实的方法似乎都能产生相似的舒适度评分。
3.文献新知扩展：
①PRECIS-2是什么
原文原句：The study was designed by following the nine domains of the Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary second version (PRECIS-2) regarding the eligibility criteria, the recruitment, the setting and the organization of the study; the flexibility of the intervention delivery and adherence; the follow-up, the primary outcome and analysis.
本研究的设计遵循语用解释连续指标摘要第二版（PRECIS-2）关于资格标准、招募、设置和组织研究的九个领域；干预实施的灵活性和依从性；随访，主要结局及分析。
②BCW理论是什么
BCW理论，即行为改变轮（Behavior Change Wheel）理论，是一个全面的行为改变系统，旨在帮助人们理解和促进健康行为的改变。该理论以能力、机会和动机模型为中心，包括主观因素（如生理和心理能力、自动和反思动机）和客观因素（如身体和社会机会），确定行为发生所需的条件，并提供制定相应健康管理计划的方法
②Watson人文关怀模式是什么是什么
Watson人文关怀模式是由美国护理理论家Jean Watson提出的一种护理理论，它强调护理的本质是人文关怀，主张在护理实践中以患者为中心，提供全面的身心关怀。Watson认为，护理不仅仅是技术操作，更是一种人与人之间的互动，需要护士运用科学方法与人文照护理念结合的人文素质，以提高护士的人文关怀素质。
Watson关怀理论的主要内容包含10个要素，包括人类利他价值体系、信任和希望的促进、自我和他人敏感性的培养、接受帮助之间正面和负面情绪的变化、广泛的发现和解决问题、促进人际关系的教与学、满足人们的心理需求、为心理学和社会文化的发展提供治疗性环境等。
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